A Comparison of Three-Dimensional Printing Technologies on the Precision, Trueness, and Accuracy of Printed Retainers

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the precision, trueness, and accuracy of 3D printed orthodontic clear retainers produced using printer systems with various printing technologies. Methods: Retainers (n=15) were printed using four different 3D printers: a stereolithography (SLA) printer, two different digital light processing (DLP and cDLP) printers, and a polyjet photopolymer (PPP) printer. The 3D printed retainers were transformed into a digital file through a cone-beam computed tomography scan that was compared to the original image using a 3D superimposition analysis software. At previously chosen landmarks (R6, L6, R3, L3, R1, L1) retainers were compared to the reference model. The intercanine and the intermolar width measurements were also analyzed for deviations between the samples and the original file. A discrepancy up to 0.25mm was considered clinically acceptable. Precision of printers was evaluated on 5 randomly chosen samples. Trueness was determined by comparing the measurements on printed retainers to those on the original image file. Root mean square (RMS) and percent of points within the tolerance level (inTOL) were also calculated with respect to precision and trueness for each retainer. Samples were analyzed for intra-printer reliability (precision), and inter-printer trueness. Statistical significance was set at P\u3c0.05. Results: Interrater correlation coefficient indicated good agreement and all measurements were within 0.10mm at least 95% of the time. Statistically significant differences were found between printer types among each of the 6 landmarks and the arch widths. When evaluating inTOL and RMS, statistically significant differences in both median precision and trueness among each printer type were found. SLA and PPP printing technologies exhibited both excellent precision and trueness. Conclusion: Retainers fabricated by SLA, DLP, cDLP, and PPP technologies were shown to be clinically acceptable and accurate compared to the standard reference file. SLA and PPP printers showed greater accuracy, and the DLP and cDLP printers exhibited greater precision. The PPP printer had the most accurate intra-arch measurements followed by the SLA printer, and therefore, based on their high trueness and precision values, were deemed to be the most accurate overall

Utilizing rapid prototyping 3D printer for fabricating flexographic PDMS printing plate

Recently printed electronic field is significantly growth. Printed electronic is to develop electrical devices by printing method. Conventional printing method that has been studied for this kind of printed electronic such as flexographic, micro contact printing, screen printing, gravure and ink jet. In flexographic and microcontact printing, a printing plate is used to transfer the designed and desired pattern to substrate through conformed contact. Therefore printing plate is play a big role in this area. Printing plate making by photopolymer which used in flexographic have limitation in achieving a micro-scale of pattern size. However, printing plate of microcontact printing have an advantages in producing micro, even nano-scale size by PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane). Hence, rapid prototyping 3D printer was used for developing a PDMS micro-scale printing plate which will be used in reel to reel (R2R) flexographic due to high speed, low cost, mass production of this type of printing process. The flexibility of 3D printer in producing any shape of pattern easily, contributed the success of this study. A nickel plating and glass etching master pattern was used in this study too as master pattern mould since 3D printer has been reached the micro size limitation. The finest multiple solid line array with 1mm width and 2mm gap pattern of printing plate was successfully fabricated by 3D printer master mould due to size limitation of the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer nozzle itself. However, the micro-scale multiple solid line array of 100micron and 25micron successfully made by nikel platting and glass etching master mould respectively. Those types of printing plate producing method is valueable since it is easy, fast and low cost, used for micro-flexographic in printed electronic field or biomedical application

3D printer

Trodimenzionalni ispis je proces stvaranja trodimenzionalnih čvrstih predmeta iz digitalnog zapisa. Ta revolucionarna tehnologija 3D printera smanjuje vrijeme izrade nekog modela, omogućuje lako i rano uočavanje grešaka , posjeduje visoku preciznost rada te na taj način povećava kvalitetu izrade modela i prototipa.Svoju primjenu ova tehnologija je pronašla u medicini, stomatologiji, arheologiji, strojarstvu te u ostalim granama industrije. Rad obuhvaća detaljan opis načina rada, građu i ispis trodimenzionalnog jednostavnog predmeta na stolnom Forcebook UltraPrint 3D printeru. Cijeli sadržaj popraćen je odgovarajućim slikama, skicama i shemama koje daju viziju rada 3D printera.Three-dimensional print is process of creating 3D solid objects from digital record. That revolutionary technology of 3D printing reduces production time of models, provides early detection of errors, contains high precision of work and so forth increasing quality of production of models and prototypes. This technology is applicable in medicine, stomatology, archeology, machine engineering and other fields of industry. This thesis covers detailed description of work principle, construction and print of simple 3D model on table Forcebook Ultra Print 3D printer. Whole content is supportet with pictures, drawings and schemes

3D Printed Sports Mouthguard

The 3D printed sports mouthguard can be specifically designed to provide exceptional protection and comfort to athletes in any sport. The process by which an athlete undergoes for obtaining their mouthguard requires a substantial amount of time and cost. Introducing 3D printer capabilities into the dental and sporting fields would elicit faster manufacturing time with more economically priced materials. In testing our theory, the initial components of the research consisted of scanning a dental impression cast and transferring the S.T.L. file scan onto the C.A.D. software. The next important step required us to discover which material to wire with the 3D printer so that the first figure could be presented. After the first test material was chosen, we had to manipulate the measurements so that the 3D printer could properly layer the material to form a practical design. We then had to search for materials that adhered to the A.D.A. and the F.D.A.’s requirements for safety as this product is a protective oral device. Although we were unable to provide a fully functional 3D printed sports mouthguard example due to time constraints, we were able to provide a strong foundation for companies which would be willing to invest and apply this research.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone/1205/thumbnail.jp

3D Printing A Pendant with A Logo

The purpose of this short paper is to describe a project to manufacture a 3D-print of a pendant that includes a logo. The methods described in this paper involve processing the image of the logo through a Mathematica script. These methods can be applied to many logos and other images. With the Mathematica script, a STereoLithography (.stl) file is created that can be used by a 3D printer. Finally, the object is created on a 3D printer. We assume that the reader is familiar with the basics of 3D printing.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

A process parameters dataset for the extrusion 3D printing of nutraceutical oral dosage forms formulated with monoglycerides oleogels and phytosterols mixtures

We report the parameter settings used in different 3D printing tests carried out to evaluate the production of nutraceutical oral forms by using mixtures of monoglycerides oleogels and phytosterols as printing materials. The printer employed was an ad-hoc extrusion 3D printing system adapted from a Prusa printer. The dataset here informed would serve as a starting point for the implementation of the 3D printing process to fabricate products using oleogels or printing materials with similar characteristics. This data is related to our recent research article entitled “Extrusion 3D printing of nutraceutical oral dosage forms formulated with monoglycerides oleogels and phytosterols mixtures” [1].Fil: Cotabarren, Ivana María. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Cruces, Sofia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Palla, Camila Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Towards the production of radiotherapy treatment shells on 3D printers using data derived from DICOM CT and MRI: preclinical feasibility studies

Background: Immobilisation for patients undergoing brain or head and neck radiotherapy is achieved using perspex or thermoplastic devices that require direct moulding to patient anatomy. The mould room visit can be distressing for patients and the shells do not always fit perfectly. In addition the mould room process can be time consuming. With recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies comes the potential to generate a treatment shell directly from a computer model of a patient. Typically, a patient requiring radiotherapy treatment will have had a computed tomography (CT) scan and if a computer model of a shell could be obtained directly from the CT data it would reduce patient distress, reduce visits, obtain a close fitting shell and possibly enable the patient to start their radiotherapy treatment more quickly. Purpose: This paper focuses on the first stage of generating the front part of the shell and investigates the dosimetric properties of the materials to show the feasibility of 3D printer materials for the production of a radiotherapy treatment shell. Materials and methods: Computer algorithms are used to segment the surface of the patient’s head from CT and MRI datasets. After segmentation approaches are used to construct a 3D model suitable for printing on a 3D printer. To ensure that 3D printing is feasible the properties of a set of 3D printing materials are tested. Conclusions: The majority of the possible candidate 3D printing materials tested result in very similar attenuation of a therapeutic radiotherapy beam as the Orfit soft-drape masks currently in use in many UK radiotherapy centres. The costs involved in 3D printing are reducing and the applications to medicine are becoming more widely adopted. In this paper we show that 3D printing of bespoke radiotherapy masks is feasible and warrants further investigation

Research and development of laser engraving and material cutting machine from 3D printer

This article deals with the adjustment of a 3D printer for laser engraving and material cutting. The print head can be fitted with a solid laser diode module, which achieves a compact size while retaining its useful power. Two paths lead to the use of such a concept. It is possible to equip the existing print head with a module, which also brings a number of disadvantages such as, for example, the reduction of the printing space or the need for a suitable mounting design. A more elegant solution is to consider this in the design of a 3D printer and design a system to exchange the print heads for 3D printing and laser engraving. Such a solution allows full utilization of the workspace and simple installation of the effector for the required type of work. According to the installed power of the laser diode, it is possible not only to engrave but also cut material such as thin wood, veneer or acrylic glass. The use of such a machine is not only for graphic elements but for the creation of various stencils, boxes or simple models, which can be made up of plastic-burning pieces. The laser module is controlled by a driver, which is designed for the device. This is connected to a 3D printer control board. It is, therefore, necessary for the control board to have at least two pins, which can be controlled after adjusting the control firmware. Most laser modules are normally equipped with an adjustable lens, which is used to concentrate the focus of a laser for the given distance against the worktop. Thus, the modified 3D printer can perform its function as a multi-purpose CNC machine, while a basic platform similar for both devices is used.Web of Science281524