Documentation of the Nasif Historical House using the TLS and IS Methods

Historical Jeddah, one of the most important historical sites in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has had a long history since it became the main gateway for the hajjis. The city contains many historical monuments founded more than 100 years ago, such as the Nasif House, which was built in 1881. However, the historical monuments in Jeddah face serious issues of different natures, such as problems of documentation and conservation. In the last decade, several manual measurement techniques were used to document these buildings; however, these techniques take a long time, often lack completeness, and may sometimes give unreliable information. In contrast, Terrestrial laser scanning “TLS” surveys and image surveys have already been undertaken in several heritage sites in the United Kingdom and other countries of Europe as a new method of documenting heritage sites. This paper focuses on using the Terrestrial laser scanning and image survey methods to document Nasif House, as an example of historical architectural documentation

The underwater wonderland of ancient Puglia

The projects Puglia Seascapes - looking at Apulia from an underwater perspective – and UnderwaterMuse, Immersive Underwater Museum Experience for a wider inclusion, both coordinated by Puglia Region, aim to make a significant contribution to better understanding of the underwater cultural heritage; the study cases concern different sites in the Marine Protected Areas of Porto Cesareo and Torre Guaceto: a cargo of columns from Evia island and another cargo of amphoras scattered in the shallow waters of Torre Chianca (Porto Cesareo, Lecce) and the remains of a Late Antique cargo (V-VI century AD) found in the waters of Torre Guaceto (Brindisi). The interpretation of the archaeological and geoarchaological data about the sites, their formation process and the coastal landscape evolution, as well as the 3D models obtained through photogrammetry techniques based on SfM (Structure from Motion) and underwater 360° and 5K videos, allowed us to develope a methodological and technological protocol based on the use of a software (App), i.e. Puglia Seascapes VR. It provides suggestive scenarios through advanced 3D modeling and animation techniques and results in interactive videos shoot that reconstruct and above all narrate in an emotional way the last journey of the ship in the ancient seascape, deeply different from the current, and the formation of underwater context. Moreover, the application of immersive techniques accessible from a single VR application for wearable devices allows the large public to discover new environments and the scholars to face to a new approach for rewriting the history of ancient Italy

Variable stress orientations in the offshore Nile Delta: The role of salt as a mechanical detachment horizon

The offshore Nile Delta is characterized by variations of the maximum horizontal stress orientation in subsalt and supra-salt sequences. Margin-parallel SH, typical for tertiary deltas, is observed for regions that are below or do not contain evaporites. In sequences underlain by evaporates pre-dominantly margin-normal SH is observed. This observation yielded the first conclusive in situ evidence that salt acts as a mechanical detachment layer. In this study, 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the total stress distribution in the offshore Nile Delta featuring evaporate sequences. Several parameters such as different salt sequence geometries, friction coefficient on faults, and salt viscosity are considered. The numerical modeling results are used to evaluate if possible basal drag forces or mechanical property contrast effect induced by gravitational gliding result in varying stress orientations and if the observed stress orientations in the Nile Delta can be explained and correlated by the numerical modeling results. Implication of the modeling results for hydrocarbon production will be analyzed and discussed. --Abstract, page iii

Zhamanshin meteor crater

A historical survey and geographic, geologic and geophysical characteristics, the results of many years of study of the Zhamanshin meteor crater in the Northern Aral region, are reported. From this data the likely initial configuration and cause of formation of the crater are reconstructed. Petrographic and mineralogical analyses are given of the brecciated and remelted rocks, of the zhamanshinites and irgizite tektites in particular. The impact melting, dispersion and quenching processes resulting in tektite formation are discussed

３Ｄ計測による自然景観及び都市造形物の点群データ処理とその応用

岩手県立大

Modeling of structure and functions of Antarctic ecosystems with the help of GIS-technologies

The article presents main approaches to ecosystem modeling with using of GIStechnologies. It was shown that geoinformation systems allow to store, systematize on the spatial principle and analyze information related to biotic and abiotic parameters of ecosystems. Methods of long-termed monitoring of ecosystem structure and functioning, earth surface relief modeling, developing models of ecosystems of lower hierarchical levels were described. Ways of further development of methods for collecting and analyzing data were contemplated. Models of the microorganisms resistance to toxic metals on the biogeographical polygon on island Galindez and models of pigmented forms distribution and a ratio of quantity of pigmented to non-pigmented forms of microorganisms in rock biocoenoses were created. Wide distribution of metal-resistant microorganisms on the biogeographical polygon, their presence in mosses, lichens, sludge, soil and presence of pigmented forms bacteria, micromycetes, yeasts in biocenoses of vertical cliffs were shown. It was shown that usage of GIS-technologies allows to identify the areas, which are the most perspective for searching of producers of biologically active substances.На сегодняшний день комплексное изучение природы Антарктики является приоритетным направлением исследований. Однако моделирование структуры и функций экосистем по-прежнему далеко от завершения и поэтому остается стратегически важным. Оптимальным средством моделирования являются геоинформационные системы. Они позволяют обобщать информацию по пространственному принципу и автоматически включать в комплексный анализ широкий спектр абиотических параметров (высоту над уровнем моря, экспозицию, уклоны и т.д.). Целью работы является усовершенствование методических подходов для систематизации и анализа информации по биотическим и абиотическим параметрам, моделирования антарктических экосистем средствами GIS-технологий.У статті представлено основні підходи до моделювання екосистем за допомогою GIS-технологій. Показано, що геоінформаційні системи дозволяють зберігати, систематизувати за просторовим принципом і аналізувати інформацію, яка стосується біотичних та абіотичних параметрів екосистем. Описано методики моделювання рельєфу земної поверхні, довготривалого моніторінгу структури та функціонування екосистем, створення моделей екосистем нижчих ієрархічних рівнів. Намічено шляхи подальшого розвитку методів збору та аналізу даних. Створено моделі стійкості мікроорганізмів до токсичних металів на біогеографічному полігоні о. Галіндез (Galindez), моделі розподілу пігментованих форм та співвідношення кількості пігментованих і непігментованих мікроорганізмів у скельних біоценозах

2.4. An ASV (Autonomous Surface Vehicle) for Archaeology: The Pladypos at Caesarea Maritima, Israel

With the advent of new digital site recording technologies, archaeologists must manage spatial and visual datasets that have grown far beyond the capacity of last century’s paper notebooks. Turning to purely digital recording systems (“going paperless”) in underwater archaeology presents a different set of challenges from terrestrial archaeology and requires a specialized toolkit. The Pladypos prototype, an autonomous surface vehicle, responds to the need for underwater archaeological site mapping tools to be simple, robust, highly portable, and—where appropriate—to coordinate its operations effectively with human divers and tablet-based digital recording systems. Over several days in 2014, the Pladypos was deployed to map the Herodian port structures at Caesarea Maritima, Israel, one of the Mediterranean’s most important submerged coastal sites. In 2015, this mission was expanded to support the excavation of the site of a possible 11th-century a.d. Fatimid shipwreck found near the southern breakwater of Caesarea’s outer harbor.https://dc.uwm.edu/arthist_mobilizingthepast/1012/thumbnail.jp

Understanding the retreat of the Jurassic Cantabrian coast (N. Spain): comprehensive monitoring and 4D evolution model of the Tazones Lighthouse landslide

Forecasting coastal dynamics and sea cliff retreat under different sea level rise scenarios requires a good understanding of the conditioning factors and their relative contribution to cliff stability. The so-called Jurassic Cantabrian Coast extends along 76 km of the coastline of the Asturias region (N Spain) and is well-known worldwide due to its paleontological heritage, in particular the presence of dinosaur remains and footprints. The abundance of stratigraphic, paleontological and tectonic studies contrasts with the scarcity of studies focused on the stability of this rocky coastline where cliffs predominate, sometimes exceeding 120 m in height. In fact, evidence of current and recent instability processes can be observed along the entire coastline. In this regard, continuous monitoring is crucial to understand ongoing instabilities in rocky coastlines, as in these settings some instabilities might initiate as slow movements that induce subtle topographic changes whose detection from either satellite or aerial imagery is problematic due to the spatial and temporal resolutions.This research is part of 1) the “COSINES” Project [CGL2017-83909-R], Call 2017 for RETOS Projects funded by the Spanish Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Ministry-Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Spanish Research Agency-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Found (FEDER) and 2) the GEOCANCOSTA research group, supported by the Asturian Regional Government (Spain) [grant number GRUPIN-IDI-2018-184]