3D geo-database implementation using Craniofacial Geometric Morphometrics Database System

Craniofacial Database System has been developed for storing, manipulation and analysis with Geometric Morphometrics concept. The main objective of the system is to store the normal craniofacial (face and/or skull) of Malaysian people. The ‘normal’ is used for reference in many areas such as surgical planning, forensic, gear protective design, and anthropology researches. The data with which we are working are surface scans. Typically these are triangular meshes, and may or may not have a texture image associated with them. The data can be obtained from photogrammetry system, laser scanning system, or iso-surfaces from volume images (CT or MRI images). Our geometrical model is based on existing standards of the Open GIS Consortium. There are new data types have been added to OpenGIS SQL Specification. They are Solid, Voxel, Tetrahedron, Pixel, Triangle, 3DRaster, TetrahedronMesh, 2DRaster, TriangularMesh, Node and Vertices. Implementation in PostGIS, extension module for PostgreSQL ORDBMS, was done. PostGIS follows the OpenGIS "Simple Features Specification for SQL". Some functions to enable spatial queries were added by C language. The modification is called PostGISPlus (PostGIS+). Because of characteristic of the geometrical data model is similar with geospatial data then we try to implement 3D geo-database in our developed database system. This paper reports the problems and their solutions in the implementatio

Three-dimensional anatomical atlas of the human body

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management, specialization in Geographic Information SystemsAnatomical atlases allow mapping the anatomical structures of the human body. Early versions of these systems consisted of analogic representations with informative text and labelled images of the human body. With the advent of computer systems, digital versions emerged and the third dimension was introduced. Consequently, these systems increased their efficiency, allowing more realistic visualizations with improved interactivity. The development of anatomical atlases in geographic information systems (GIS) environments allows the development of platforms with a high degree of interactivity and with tools to explore and analyze the human body. In this thesis, a prototype for the human body representation is developed. The system includes a 3D GIS topological model, a graphical user interface and functions to explore and analyze the interior and the surface of the anatomical structures of the human body. The GIS approach relies essentially on the topological characteristics of the model and on the kind of available functions, which include measurement, identification, selection and analysis. With the incorporation of these functions, the final system has the ability to replicate the kind of information provided by the conventional anatomical atlases and also provides a higher level of functionality, since some of the atlases limitations are precisely features offered by GIS, namely, interactive capabilities, multilayer management, measurement tools, edition mode, allowing the expansion of the information contained in the system, and spatial analyzes