Clinical Features of Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Applicability of New ICHD-3 Criteria

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by intracranial pressure >28 cmH2O in the absence of identifiable causes. Aim of this paper is to describe the clinical phenotype of pediatric IIH and to analyze the applicability of ICHD-3 criteria in comparison to the ICHD-2. We conducted a retrospective analysis of full clinical data of pediatric patients diagnosed with IIH between January 2007 and June 2018. Diagnostic evaluation included neuroimaging (all patients) and ultrasound-based optic nerve sheath diameter measurement (9 patients). Diagnosis of IIH was verified according to both ICHD-2 and ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to IIH, to verify the degree of concordance. We identified 41 subjects with suspected IIH; 14 were excluded due a diagnosis of secondary IH or lack of data. We therefore selected 27 subjects (age 4-15 years, mean 11). All patients presented with headache and bilateral papilloedema. Headache was daily in 22% cases, with diffuse gravative pain in 41%. In 4%, pain was exacerbated by cough, stress or tension. The most common presentation symptoms, in addition to headache, were blurred vision or diplopia (70%), vomiting (33%), and dizziness (15%). Twenty patients (74%) were obese. In 6 patients (22%) neuroimaging showed empty sella. Optic nerve sheath distension was detected in 6 out of 9 patients. Regarding the applicability of the ICHD-2 criteria, 18/27 (71%) patients have criterion A; 24/27 (89%) criterion B; 27/27 (100%) criterion C; 27/27 (100%) criterion D. When the ICHD-3 criteria were used, 27/27 (100%) fitted criterion A; 24/27 (89%) criterion B; 27/27 (100%) criterion C; and 27/27 (100%) criterion D. Our study suggests that, as compared with the ICHD-2, the new ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to IIH are better satisfied by pediatric patients with IIH. This is mainly due to the fact that qualitative headache characteristics are no longer considered in ICHD-3. Although the risk of under-rating the symptom of headache in IIH should not be disregarded, in pediatric population headache characteristics are usually less defined than in adults and obtaining a precise description of them is often very difficult

On the Extension of Pseudo-Boolean Functions for the Aggregation of Interacting Criteria

The paper presents an analysis on the use of integrals defined for non-additive measures (or capacities) as the Choquet and the \Sipos{} integral, and the multilinear model, all seen as extensions of pseudo-Boolean functions, and used as a means to model interaction between criteria in a multicriteria decision making problem. The emphasis is put on the use, besides classical comparative information, of information about difference of attractiveness between acts, and on the existence, for each point of view, of a ``neutral level'', allowing to introduce the absolute notion of attractive or repulsive act. It is shown that in this case, the Sipos integral is a suitable solution, although not unique. Properties of the Sipos integral as a new way of aggregating criteria are shown, with emphasis on the interaction among criteria.

Gender relations on goat-farm household in Central Java, Indonesia

This paper represents an attempt to examine gender relations in goat-farm households in Central Java . Guided by theory of farm household in which labor for household activities is supplied and organized based on gender and age differences of the household members . The study was conducted at Klirong village, sub-district Kebumen, Central Java in May 1995 . Twenty-four families who owned goats were chosen and divided into two groups based on the ownership to land . Participant observation method were used to collect information on the time spent for household maintenance activities, agricultural activities and on/off farm activities by household members . The results indicated that gender appears to be the primary determinant of labor and time allocation in two types of farm households . Since goat production is secondary economic activities for both type of households, therefore, the responsibility to take care of was allocated to the children, especially male children, while adults -- man and woman -- engage in the primary economic activities such as agricultural activities and selling labor for on/off farm activities

Pengendalian Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) dalam Perkembangan Peralatan Elektronik

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) merupakan persoalan dalam sistem maupun subsistem. Perkembangan produk elektronik dengan menggunakan sistem  desain elektronik digital dan dengan menerapkan komponen  microprocessor bertambah pesat, maka desain produk elektronik terutama  yang menggunakan sistem  rangkaian digital merupakan sumber Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), yang dapat mengganggu pengoperasian produk elektronik yang berada disekitarnya. Komponen –komponen elektronik yang terpasang pada Printed Circuit Board (PCB) akan saling berinteraksi satu dengan yang lain yang juga merupakan sumber EMI dan dapat mempengaruhi kinerja (performance) dari sistem produk elektroniknya sendiri. Persoalan EMI diatas dapat dikendalikan dengan mengurangi pancaran radiasi elektromagnetik dari komponen –komponen yang ada dalam sistem suatu produk. Dalam paper ini , dibahas mengenai sumber noise yang timbul dari PCB dan sistem pengendalian EMI yang dilakukan melalui PCB.Kata kunci EMI, PCB, Radiasi Electromagnetic

FGF/heparin differentially regulates Schwann cell and olfactory ensheathing cell interactions with astrocytes: a role in astrocytosis

After injury, the CNS undergoes an astrocyte stress response characterized by reactive astrocytosis/proliferation, boundary formation, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) expression. Previously, we showed that in vitro astrocytes exhibit this stress response when in contact with Schwann cells but not olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). In this study, we confirm this finding in vivo by demonstrating that astrocytes mingle with OECs but not Schwann cells after injection into normal spinal cord. We show that Schwann cell-conditioned media (SCM) induces proliferation in monocultures of astrocytes and increases CSPG expression in a fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)-independent manner. However, SCM added to OEC/astrocyte cocultures induces reactive astrocytosis and boundary formation, which, although sensitive to FGFR1 inhibition, was not induced by FGF2 alone. Addition of heparin to OEC/astrocyte cultures induces boundary formation, whereas heparinase or chlorate treatment of Schwann cell/astrocyte cultures reduces it, suggesting that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are modulating this activity. In vivo, FGF2 and FGFR1 immunoreactivity was increased over grafted OECs and Schwann cells compared with the surrounding tissue, and HSPG immunoreactivity is increased over reactive astrocytes bordering the Schwann cell graft. These data suggest that components of the astrocyte stress response, including boundary formation, astrocyte hypertrophy, and GFAP expression, are mediated by an FGF family member, whereas proliferation and CSPG expression are not. Furthermore, after cell transplantation, HSPGs may be important for mediating the stress response in astrocytes via FGF2. Identification of factors secreted by Schwann cells that induce this negative response in astrocytes would further our ability to manipulate the inhibitory environment induced after injury to promote regeneration

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationElectrodiagnostic testing, consisting of needle electromyography and nerve conduction studies, is the primary method used to objectively measure and document pathological changes or injury to the neuromuscular system, including proximally located spinal nerve roots. Clinicians employ electrodiagnostic testing to evaluate patients with low back pain (LBP). One specific cause of LBP is lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS), which is commonly known as sciatica or lumbar radiculopathy. The presence of radiating leg symptoms is common to all patients with LRS but radiculopathy is distinguished by the presence of measurable nerve root injury. Little is known about prognostic factors in these patients; however, recent evidence suggests the presence of radiculopathy found on needle electromyography may predict better functional outcomes. The primary purpose of this dissertation work was to investigate the prognostic value of electrodiagnostic testing in patients with LRS receiving physical therapy. Electrodiagnostic testing was performed on 38 patients with LRS participating in a randomized trial comparing different physical therapy treatment programs. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to the presence or absence of radiculopathy. The primary outcome measure was changes in LBPrelated disability assessed using the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ). Patients with radiculopathy (n=19) had statistically significant and iv clinically meaningful improvements in RMDQ scores at every posttreatment follow-up occasion regardless of physical therapy treatment received. The final multilevel growth model revealed improvements in RMDQ scores in patients with radiculopathy at the 6-week (-8.1, 95% CI, -12.6 to -2.6; P=.006) and 6-month (- 4.1, 95% CI, -7.4 to -0.7; P=.020) follow-up occasions compared to patients without radiculopathy. Physical therapy treatment group was not a significant predictive factor at any follow-up occasion. An interaction between electrodiagnostic status and time revealed faster weekly improvements in RMDQ scores in patients with radiculopathy at the 6-week (-0.72, 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.04; P=.040) through the 16-week (-0.30, 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.04; P=.028) follow-up occasions compared to patients without radiculopathy. The presence of lumbosacral radiculopathy identified with electrodiagnostic testing is a favorable prognostic factor for recovery in LBPrelated disability regardless of physical therapy treatment received

PEMIKIRAN FAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DAN MODERNITAS

Fazlur Rahman adalah seorang tokoh pembaharuan pemikiran islam yang pemikirannya pada abad ke-21 laris dibelahan dunia Indonesia, pemikirannya tentang pembaharuan pendidikan Islam dan modernitas merupakan satu dari banyak buah pikirnya, dalam hal ini beliau sangat berpegan teguh terhadap landasan ontologis Al-qur’an dan hadist dan juga tidak luput dari konteks sosio-historis sebagai pertimbangan berpikirnya. Penelitian ini ditulis untuk mengetahui latar belakang tipologi-tipologi pemikiran pendidikan Islam dan modernitas versi Fazlur Rahman yang menurut hemat penulis terdapat relevansi terhadap pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatitif-deskriptif. Subyek penelitiannya adalah berbagai karya asli Fazlur Rahman dan juga literatur-literatur yang relevan dengan pemikiran Fazlur Rahman terkait pendidikan Islam dan modernitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemikiran Fazlur Rahman tentang pendidikan Islam dan modernitas mengandung unsur-unsur meliputi: rekonstruksi pemahaman Al-qur’an dan hadist, konsep modernisasi zaman klasik, zaman kontemporer, dan juga relevansi terhadap pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Pendidikan Islam, Modernisasi, Al-Qur’an, Hadis