Analysis of the Natura 2000 Networks in Sweden and Spain

In this paper the main differences between Natura 2000 Network in Sweden and Spain are analyzed. Comparing different documents at different levels: European, national and regional, the author aims to understand which strategies have been taken in both countries regarding the implementation, management, funding and social reactions of Natura 2000 Network and verify whether in a common Europe the differences in the understanding of environmental common policy are decisive and define the implementation process. The results can clearly show that such differences occur in practically the total issues analyzed. Sweden could be characterized by its orderly and homogeneous implementation process with a close communication between public administration and stakeholders that have influenced all the process. As a result its Natura 2000 Network has marked differences on distribution and size in its Natura sites. Spain, however, shows a heterogeneous and complicated process characterized for both the disinformation due to the lack of communication with the stakeholders and controversial legislative measures which caused social reactions against this network. In contrast it seems that the criteria followed for the sites selection were less influenced by stakeholders. As a conclusion environmental Directives transpositions are being fulfilled with different criteria having as a result significant differences in their final objective

Redshifts for 2410 Galaxies in the Century Survey Region

The `Century Survey' strip covers 102 square degrees within the limits 8.5h \leq \alpha_{1950} \leq 16.5h, 29.0 degrees \leq \delta_{1950} \leq 30.0 degrees. The strip passes through the Corona Borealis supercluster and the outer region of the Coma cluster. Within the Century Survey region, we have measured 2410 redshifts which constitute four overlapping complete redshift surveys: (1) 1728 galaxies with Kron-Cousins R_{phot} \leq 16.13 covering the entire strip, (2) 507 galaxies with R_{phot} \leq 16.4 in the right ascension range 8h 32m \leq \alpha_{1950} \leq 10h 45m, (3) 1251 galaxies with absorption- and K-corrected R_{CCD, corr} \leq 16.2 covering the right ascension range 8.5h \leq \alpha_{1950} \leq 13.5h and (4) 1255 galaxies with absorption- and K-corrected V_{CCD, corr} \leq 16.7 also covering the right ascension range 8.5h \leq \alpha_{1950} \leq 13.5h. All of these redshift samples are more than 98 % complete to the specified magnitude limit.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 2 abbreviated tables. In press, to appear in Astronomical Journal, Dec. 2001 issu

October 1950

Dear Brother: I am most grateful to the brethren who took time out from their busy lives to send a postcard in this general direction to tell me that they would continue to read the CAMPUS COMMENTARY over the breakfast coffee. If your mail is anything like mine (and I imagine it is since preachers seem to be on very many curious mailing lists), you have found it necessary to consign a goodly portion of the daily mail to the waste basket almost immediately upon arrival. If these few notes are held out for a little while, they have accomplished their purpose

Civic Republicanism Provides Theoretical Support for Making Individuals More Environmentally Responsible

The genesis for this essay is the recognition that individual behavior is contributing in a significant way to the remaining environmental problems we have. For a variety of reasons, ranging from the difficulty of trying to identify and then regulate all of these individual sources to the political backlash that might result if such regulation was tried, efforts to control that behavior have either failed or not been tried. The phenomenon of individuals as irresponsible environmental actors seems counter-intuitive given the durability of the environmental protection norm and polls that consistently show that people contribute to environmental causes, are willing to pay more to protect environmental resources, and consider protecting the environment among their highest priorities. This conflict between thought and deed and its serious effect, if not resolved, is the puzzle that has sent me on this quest. This essay is the author\u27s third attempt at unraveling the problem of irresponsible individual environmental behavior and at suggesting possible ways to reform how people behave toward the environment. The first article proposed expanding the abstract environmental protection norm to include individual environmental responsibility as the approach most likely to overcome barriers to behavioral change. The article recommended enlisting environmental groups as the most effective norm entrepreneurs to achieve widespread change in personal environmental conduct. In that piece, she concluded that the best way to change norms and thus change behavior was through education, but additional measures might be necessary. The second article expanded on the earlier discussion of norms and their influence on behavior, and why changing norms, though difficult, is more effective than other means of inciting behavioral change. However, given the difficulty inherent in creating or changing norms, the second article also identified and evaluated other norm and behavior-changing tactics, such as shaming, public education, and market-based incentives, which might supplement norms as a means of changing behavior. The article concluded that no one approach alone is sufficient to secure both norm and behavior change, but a combination of any or all of them when properly tailored to the source and nature of the harm and when accompanied by public education can lead to both norm and behavioral changes. Thus, both articles concluded that public education plays a critical role in any effort to alter public behavior through changing norms. This essay examines how republican theory supports that conclusion and provides the theoretical framework within which norm change can occur. All three pieces start with the premise that the current crisis over global climate change has created the circumstances in which norm change can occur--circumstances that collectively have created what the author calls a second environmental republican moment. This second republican moment, like the first one in the 1970s, might result in widespread public support for a variety of environmentally protective legislative and regulatory initiatives and offers a rare, albeit brief, opportunity in which to educate the public about its contribution to environmental harm. This essay develops the republican aspect of that thought further, demonstrating how the overlapping strands of republican thought and norm development support the creation of a new norm of personal environmental responsibility. The essay also shows how, during republican moments, the public is more amenable to being educated about civic matters, including their responsibilities as environmental citizens. It is particularly during republican moments that people acquire information that may influence their expressed preferences, lending a sense of urgency to the present moment we find ourselves in. This essay begins by discussing the concept of an environmental republican moment, and why the public\u27s response to the crisis of global climate change appears to be such a moment. The essay then identifies the key features of republican theory and shows how those features replicate many of the elements necessary for norm and behavioral change. The essay concludes by showing how republicanism--with its emphasis on public education, civic involvement, and achieving the common good through civic virtue--provides a useful construct for thinking about how to make people behave in more environmentally responsible ways

Density-Dependent and -Independent Behaviors of the Adult Karner Blue (Lycaeides Melissa Samuelis) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

At 146 pine-oak barrens in central and northwestern Wisconsin USA during 1988-96, 3973 Karner blues (Lycaeides melissa samuelis Nabokov) were found in 95.4 hr of transect surveys during spring and 6896 individuals in 134.8 hr during summer. Of these, 9346 (86%) individuals were first observed copulating, feeding, flushing, flying, or involved in a non-copulatory intraspecific interaction. All these behaviors except copulation showed density-independent influences; all these behaviors also had density-dependent influences. The most frequently significant density-independent variables affecting occurrence of these behaviors were temperature, brood (spring vs. summer), and crepuscularity (time since noon). Male (rather than female or overall) Karner blue density more often significantly related to Karner blue behavior. Males showed density dependence in feeding (positive), flushing (negative), and flying (positive threshold) while females did not. Both sexes showed strong positive density dependence in non-copulatory intraspecific interactions and copulation. Flying and intraspecific interactions showed similar influences in relation to several variables, while flying and flushing had markedly opposite patterns. Males and females were also opposite in their relative tendency to be observed flushing or flying, with females more likely to be flushing, males flying. Males also showed a greater tendency to engage in non-copulatory intraspecific interactions

Integers without large prime factors: from Ramanujan to de Bruijn

A small survey of work done on estimating the number of integers without large prime factors up to around 1950 is provided. Around 1950 N.G. de Bruijn published results that dramatically advanced the subject and started a new era in this topic.Comment: 12 pages, 1 Figur

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 16 Number 1

Alumnae Notes ANA Biennial Convention Cancer of the Cervix, Uterus and Ovaries Committee Reports Digest of Alumnae Association Meetings Greetings from Miss Childs Greetings from the President Graduation Awards - 1950 Isotopes and the Nurse - Dr. T.P. Eberhard Marriages Necrology New Arrivals Nursing Care in Heart Disease with Pulmonary Infarction Nursing Care of a Mitral Commissurotomy Physical Advances at Jefferson - 1950 Policies of the Private Duty Nurses\u27 Registry Staff Activities, 1950-1951 Students\u27 Corner The Department of Surgical Research - Drs. Templeton and Gibbon White Haven and Barton Memorial Division