Introspective Training Apprehensively Defended: Reflections on Titchener's Lab Manual

To study conscious experience we must, to some extent, trust introspective reports; yet introspective reports often do not merit our trust. A century ago, E.B. Titchener advocated extensive introspective training as a means of resolving this difficulty. He describes many of his training techniques in his four-volume laboratory manual of 1901- 1905. This paper explores Titchener's laboratory manual with an eye to general questions about the prospects of introspective training for contemporary consciousness studies, with a focus on the following examples: introspective knowledge of the combination tones that arise when a musical interval is played; the 'flight of colours' in the afterimage of a field of bright, broad- spectrum light; and the possibility of non-obvious visual illusions. Introspective training appears to have some merit, but also to involve significant hazards

Діяльність Асоціації американських медичних коледжів у 1901–1905 рр.

In the early 20th century, the American medical education experienced the so-called pioneering era in its development. Moreover, in 1901–1905, there was a social disappointment due to the poor medical services and the high mortality rate among the US population, which was caused by the incompetence of doctors. This situation contributed to the reform and led to the strengthening of the academic movement. The main participants of the movement were both various organizations and educators, with the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) being one of these organizations. Note that there were no uniform admission requirements to American medical schools during the stated period. Thus, the author describes this issue that has been reflected in Article III of the AAMC Constitution as a part of the Association activity. The aim of the paper is to highlight the AAMC’s activities during the reform of the US medical education in 1901–1905. To achieve the aim and objectives of the study, the author deals with both general scientific and special methods, namely the heuristic and bibliographic method (to search, systematize and generalize the scientific and pedagogical works, archival documents and periodicals on the research problem); the content analysis and synthesis (to study and systematize the scientific and pedagogical literature on the research subject); the comparative-historical method (to compare four options of Article III of the AAMC Constitution from 1901 to 1905); the pedagogical reconstruction (to reproduce historical and pedagogical reality at the Association’s annual meetings concerning Article III of the AAMC Constitution, and the AAMC resolutions (recommendations) in the first five years of the 20th century). Moreover, the author represents four options of Article III of the AAMC Constitution that differ from each other. This fact points at the improvement of the admission requirements to medical schools, and at the serious attitude the academic community dedicated to the issues of population’s life and health. Note that the results of the AAMC annual meetings produced general resolutions (recommendations) concerning the educational process in medical schools and many other issues. As for the prospects of further scientific research, we are going to highlight the AAMC activities during the reform in the American medical education, and to reveal the importance of the AAMC as the educational association while interacting with other US educational organizations in the early 20th century.У дослідженні зосереджено увагу на висвітленні питання про діяльність Асоціації американських медичних коледжів під час реформи медичної освіти США у 1901–1905 рр. Зокрема, розглянуто поправки до статті ІІІ конституції Асоціації, що було внесено впродовж 1901–1905 рр.; систематизовано та представлено загальні резолюції (рекомендації) засідань Асоціації у зазначений період. Визначено, що статтю ІІІ конституції Асоціації американських медичних коледжів присвячено вимогам для вступу до медичних шкіл США. Вдалося встановити, що на щорічних засіданнях Асоціації спеціально призначений комітет переглядав вказану статтю, враховуючи тогочасний стан медичної освіти та якість надання медичних послуг американському народу. Крім того, введено у вітчизняний науковий обіг чотири варіанти статті ІІІ конституції Асоціації американських медичних коледжів (1901–1905 рр.), виконано їх порівняльний аналіз. З’ясовано, що Асоціація не завжди ухвалювала загальні резолюції (рекомендації) засідань, про що свідчить їх відсутність у 1902, 1903 та 1905 рр

The Echo: October 16, 1925

Dr. Taylor Speaks in Sunday Chapel — Dr. Paul in the Field — Waggoner Makes Hit — Gospel Team Work — Taylor University In Student Conference — Prayer Necessary Says Rev. Turley — Intercollegiate Debating Is Under Way — Unusual Activity on Rush Day — Dr. Ayres Gives The Chapel Talk — Editorial — The Main Line — Taylor In 1901-1905 — On Crackers and Jelly — The Eurekan Debating Club — Men’s Bible Class Growing — All Enjoy Philo Program — Professor Pogue Has Busy Week — Michigan Colors Fly — Badgers Give Their First Dinner Party — Eating Vs. Sleeping — In Our New Dormitory — “God Bless China” — Ohio Students Organize — They Taylor Band — News of the W. C. T. U. — “Pray Through” Is Motto of Prayer Band — Arbitrary S. P.’s Or Voluntary-Which? — Holiness League Holds Edifying Meeting — Sickler Vs. Sammy — The Taylor Calendar — Localshttps://pillars.taylor.edu/echo-1925-1926/1002/thumbnail.jp

A Female Cohort Analysis of Housing Choices in Taiwan—Comparing the Female as Head and not as Head of the Household

In this study, we follow the female in a cohort analysis of her housing choices in Taiwan, using data from the population and housing census for 1980, 1990 and 2000. In addition to looking at the female population as a whole, we also compare the differences between females who are heads of households and those who are not. Econometric models focusing on the tenure choice of housing and living space per person are estimated simultaneously. The age effects show that households have the highest homeownership rate and lowest amount of living space per person in their middle years. This is due to persons in their middle years having the highest accumulated wealth and also the largest household size during their life cycle. However, no clear trend can be found in the male sample with respect to the age effect in their middle years, for instance, 25-60, for both homeownership and living space. Hence, the female is probably more suitable than the male in terms of representing a household during its life-cyle. The birth cohort effect shows that the earlier a female is born, the higher is the probability that she will become a homeowner and occupy a larger living space. This result can also be found in studies on male cohorts. These findings thus raise our concerns over the disadvantages that the younger generation faces in becoming homeowners. In addition, we find that the age and birth cohort effects are very different for female-headed and non-female-headed households. Although on average, the female heads have more years of education and higher job participation rates, they have lower homeownership rates. They also benefit less from economic growth. Nevertheless, the gap between the female-headed and non-female-headed households has narrowed as the birth cohort has become younger.Cohort effect; Tenure choice; Housing demand; Female cohort; Female head