Resonance Region Structure Functions and Parity Violating Deep Inelastic Scattering

The primary motive of parity violating deep inelastic scattering experiments has been to test the standard model, particularly the axial couplings to the quarks, in the scaling region. The measurements can also test for the validity of models for the off-diagonal structure functions $F_{1,2,3}^{\gamma Z}(x,Q^2)$ in the resonance region. The off-diagonal structure functions are important for the accurate calculation of the $\gamma Z$-box correction to the weak charge of the proton. Currently, with no data to determine $F_{1,2,3}^{\gamma Z}(x,Q^2)$ directly, models are constructed by modifying existing fits to electromagnetic data. We present the asymmetry value for deuteron and proton target predicted by several different $F_{1,2,3}^{\gamma Z}(x,Q^2)$ models, and demonstrate that there are notable disagreements.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. New version contains additional descriptions of competing structure function model

Testing, Testing 1,2,3

Overview: Since childhood, most human beings have been raised on the foundation of accepting and adhering to the “Golden Rule” in everyday aspects of life. We have grown to appreciate the idea that one should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself. The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) reports that more than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food and cosmetic tests; lab experimentations and lessons in the sciences; medical training exercises; and curiosity-driven medical experiments. Why do human beings sit back and do nothing, knowing that these innocent creatures who so greatly benefit the world are locked up in cold cages? The animals ache with lonesomeness, suffer in agony, and so desperately yearn to be free and loved. Instead, all they are able to do is wait in terror of the next excruciatingly painful procedure that they must tolerate. The stress and boredom these animals are compelled to deal with everyday causes many of them to exhibit neurotic behaviors, including ceaselessly spinning in circles, pulling out their own hair, and biting their own skin. After enduring lonely lives filled with pain, many of them will be killed. At what point will human beings step up and act in these animals’ best interest; at what point will we treat them the way we know we would want to be treated? Animal rights activist, Charles R. Magel detests the lack of logic behind animal testing. “Ask the experimenters why they experiment on animals, and the answer is: ‘Because the animals are like us.’ Ask the experimenters why it is morally okay to experiment on animals and the answer is: ‘Because the animals are not like us.’ Animal experimentation rests on a logical contradiction” (Magel). According to Robert Waterston, a prominent American geneticist, in his article, “Initial Sequence of the Chimpanzee Genome and Comparison with the Human Genome,” “There is only a slight difference, roughly 2%, between the genome of a human being and the genome of a chimpanzee” (Waterston 73). We should be promoting animals’ happiness and well-being and treating them as if they were our brothers and sisters, not promoting their demise. Accordingly, in this paper I will argue that researchers who perform animal testing for medical advancements should understand that harming animals for the benefit of humanity violates basic bioethical principles and should therefore be stopped; further, animals cannot defend themselves and for this reason, humans should take on the responsibility of being the voice for the animals, promoting alternatives to animal testing, and acting in the animals best interest, promoting for these animals the same principles we insist on for humans, the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Accordingly, this paper will examine (1) the reality of animal testing and what goes on behind closed doors, (2) the life-saving alternatives that are proven to be more cost effective and comprehendible, (3) the lifelong implications testing has on animals who survive, (4) the inefficiency of current laws regarding animal testing, and (5) why this destruction of lives is not justified based on the moral standing of animals as compared to humans

Precision Electroweak Tests of the Minimal and Flipped SU(5) Supergravity Models

We explore the one-loop electroweak radiative corrections in the minimal $SU(5)$ and the no-scale flipped $SU(5)$ supergravity models via explicit calculation of vacuum polarization contributions to the $\epsilon_{1,2,3}$ parameters. Experimentally, $\epsilon_{1,2,3}$ are obtained from a global fit to the LEP observables, and $M_W/M_Z$ measurements. We include $q^2$-dependent effects which have been neglected in most previous ``model-independent" analyses of this type. These effects induce a large systematic negative shift on $\epsilon_{1,2,3}$ for light chargino masses (m_{\chi^\pm_1}\lsim70\GeV). In agreement with previous general arguments, we find that for increasingly large sparticle masses, the heavy sector of both models rapidly decouples, \ie, the values for $\epsilon_{1,2,3}$ quickly asymptote to the Standard Model values with a {\it light} Higgs (m_{H_{SM}}\sim100\GeV). Specifically, at present the $90\%$ CL upper limit on the top-quark mass is m_t\lsim175\GeV in the no-scale flipped $SU(5)$ supergravity model. These bounds can be strengthened for increasing chargino masses in the 50-100\GeV interval. In particular, for m_t\gsim160\GeV, the Tevatron may be able to probe through gluino($\tilde g$) and squark($\tilde q$) production up to m_{\tilde g}\approx m_{\tilde q}\approx250\GeV, exploring at least half of the parameter space in this model.Comment: 15 pages,(6 ps figures available upon request), TeX(harvmac), CTP-TAMU-19/93, ACT-07/9

Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted Mono and Bis-triazolocarbo-acyclonucleoside Analogues of 9-(4-Hydroxybutyl)guanine by Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition

A series of novel mono-1,2,3-triazole and bis-1,2,3-triazole acyclonucleoside analogues of 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine was prepared via copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-9 propargylpurine, N-1-propargylpyrimidines/as-triazine with the azido-pseudo-sugar 4-azidobutylacetate under solvent-free microwave conditions, followed by treatment with K2CO3/MeOH, or NH3/MeOH. All compounds studied in this work were screened for their antiviral activities [against human rhinovirus (HRV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)] and antibacterial activities against a series of Gram positive and negative bacteria

Synthesis of Highly Stable 1,3-Diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes and Their Applications in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis

The formal cycloaddition between 1,3-diaza-2-azoniaallene salts and alkynes or alkyne equivalents provides an efficient synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazolium salts, the direct precursors of 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes. These N,N-diarylated mesoionic carbenes (MICs) exhibit enhanced stability in comparison to their alkylated counterparts. Experimental and computational results confirm that these MICs act as strongly electron-donating ligands. Their increased stability allows for the preparation of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts that are efficient in both ring-opening and ring-closing reactions