Complexity and integrability in 4D bi-rational maps with two invariants

In this letter we give fourth-order autonomous recurrence relations with two invariants, whose degree growth is cubic or exponential. These examples contradict the common belief that maps with sufficiently many invariants can have at most quadratic growth. Cubic growth may reflect the existence of non-elliptic fibrations of invariants, whereas we conjecture that the exponentially growing cases lack the necessary conditions for the applicability of the discrete Liouville theorem.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure

A History of Credit Programs Supporting Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines

This article is part of the seminar-workshop on the “Consequences of Small Farm Mechanization on Production, Employment and Incomes in the Philippines” sponsored jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Economic and Development Authority, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the International Rice Research Institute held on December 1-2, 1983 at Tagaytay City. It provides history of the credit programs related to agricultural mechanization from 1950 to 1980. Analysis indicates that the demand for farm machineries are mostly credit supply-led despite the effects of international and local events.agriculture sector, credit program, credit access, impact analysis, mechanization

The Philippines: External Shocks, Adjustment Policies and Impact on Selected Development Concerns, 1973-1985

With the objective of designing and implementing more effective policies and programs in the light of external shocks, this paper assesses the impact of economic crisis and adjustment policies on basic economic and social concerns particularly on vulnerable income groups. The development path implied in this article is a strategy that is expansionary within the limits set by external finance and other policy considerations.vulnerable groups, adjustment policies

Philippine-American Relations Beyond the Bases

This article has been delivered by the author for the 1988 Florence Macaulay Distinguished Lecture on Asia and the Pacific at the University of Hawaii on September 23, 1988. It discusses America’s colonial policy and the Philippines' security alliance with America. It also traces the termination of Military Base Agreement and the future of Philippine security without the U.S. military bases.military and military bases

A Study on the Impact of Climate Variability/Change on Water Resources in the Philippines

This paper presents an effort toward a better understanding of the potential impact of climate variability and change on the hydrology and water resources in the Philippines. Impacts of extreme events such as droughts are discussed. A preliminary study on the variability of inflow in relation to rainfall at the major dams in Luzon and the natural water reservoir of Lake Lanao is presented. Areas for future study are also mentioned.watershed

A Study on the Impact of Climate Variability/Change on Water Resources in the Philippines

This paper presents an effort toward a better understanding of the potential impact of climate variability and change on the hydrology and water resources in the Philippines. Impacts of extreme events such as droughts are discussed. A preliminary study on the variability of inflow in relation to rainfall at the major dams in Luzon and the natural water reservoir of Lake Lanao is presented. Areas for future study are also mentioned.watershed

Philippine-American Relations Beyond the Bases

This article has been delivered by the author for the 1988 Florence Macaulay Distinguished Lecture on Asia and the Pacific at the University of Hawaii on September 23, 1988. It discusses America’s colonial policy and the Philippines' security alliance with America. It also traces the termination of Military Base Agreement and the future of Philippine security without the U.S. military bases.military and military bases

A History of Credit Programs Supporting Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines

This article is part of the seminar-workshop on the “Consequences of Small Farm Mechanization on Production, Employment and Incomes in the Philippines” sponsored jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Economic and Development Authority, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the International Rice Research Institute held on December 1-2, 1983 at Tagaytay City. It provides history of the credit programs related to agricultural mechanization from 1950 to 1980. Analysis indicates that the demand for farm machineries are mostly credit supply-led despite the effects of international and local events.agriculture sector, credit program, credit access, impact analysis, mechanization

Social Health Insurance for the Poor Programs of the Philippines and Vietnam

This paper compares the design features and implementation of the social health insurance (SHI) for the poor programs of the Philippines and Vietnam. The National Health Insurance Program-Sponsored Program of the Philippines and the Health Care Fund for the Poor Program of Vietnam both intend to improve the health status and, ultimately, the economic condition of the poor population. Following the framework of Carrin and James (2004), these programs are evaluated in terms of revenue collection, risk pooling, and purchasing for the period 1996-2005. As the experiences of these countries show, the traditional approaches to provider payments and quality control have only weak incentive effects on performance under a decentralized health setting. It is argued that more attention should be given to such institutional context in the design of SHI programs.health insurance, National Health Insurance Program, social health insurance

Impact Analysis of a Small-Scale Irrigation Project in Manicahan District, Zamboanga City

This article is a product of a nine-month training and application program implemented by the micro component of the Economic and Social Impact Analysis/Women in Development (ESIA/WID) and the Food Systems Program of the East-West Center Resource Systems Institute (RSI). It focuses on the 300-hectare, small-scale irrigation system in Manicahan District and its impact on the employment levels on farms within the irrigated area.infrastructure, irrigation system, rural sector, farm lands, infrastructural development, impact analysis