Changing Pattern of Poverty 1997-2004

It has been noted that failure to meet the target set by government for reducing the head count ratio of child poverty in Britain is partly due to the success of government policy in generating economic growth. Apart from missing the argument that absolute poverty is not a meaningful idea, this apology for the failure of government to meet poverty targets also misses wider problems embedded in recent trends in the household income distribution. For example, inequality measures sensitive to the distribution of income amongst the poor suggest that the experience of those remained poor may have worsened.Poverty, Child Poverty, Income Distribution, FGT, Great Britain.

Globalization tendencies in the Czech SME'S - Historical Approach (1997-2004)

The main purpose of this paper is to present historical development of SME’s in the Czech Republic between years 1997-2004. It covers sections about changing strategy approach to prepare SME’s to EU entry and nearly two years in the European Union. The Czech economy made big changes especially in SME field, because before year 1989 in the state managed economy were used only big companies forms. SME’s sector in Czech Republic is now a dynamic growing phenomenon, which has influence on regional labour market, foreign trade and investment possibilities. It is the purpose of making year-to-year research, which has as a main goal to map changes in a SME structure, adaptability and influence of changing factors in our business environment. Research section presents a part of final doctoral thesis about finding main factors, which make impulses to change strategy to be innovative and on the way to knowledge society after the EU accession. As a conclusion is SME suggested to use some development strategies or support cooperation way to be more adaptable on wide European market. Reason is - SME’s have to change their point of view – to think European not only local market orientation. It is the way to continue their business by the innovative direction. Paper covers not only historical data, but also some experience with SME preparation process on strategy changes in time of globalization from management point of view.integration, globalization, innovation tendencies, SME

Financing Constraints and the Family Farm: How do Families React?

This paper explores the idea that off-farm income is used for investment in farm assets. Using Alabama farm data for the 1997-2004 period, we find that farm investment is more sensitive to off-farm than to on-farm income, and that this sensitivity is stronger for farms with sales less than $250,000.Farm Management, Q12, Q14, G11,

Radical prostatectomies in Austria, 1997–2004

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The introduction of PSA testing in Austria led to a steep increase of the incidence of prostate cancer. We want to present the course of the number of newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer in Austria since 1997, and set these numbers in relation to the total of radical prostatectomies (with resection of lymph nodes) in the same time period. All numbers were retrieved from health statistics of Statistics Austria. The report period of cancer cases and of RPE comprises the years 1997–2004. All calculations were performed for totals as well as for 5-year age groups (40–89 years of age).</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The number of prostate cancer cases rose from 1997 to 2004 by 35%, while the number of RPE rose by 94% in the same time period. The proportion of RPE in relation to new cases rose from 41% in 1997 to 59% in 2004.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A slight decrease of prostate cancer mortality can already be observed in Austria, but the question of over-treatment still awaits analysis.</p

Integration or regionalization: regional industrial specialization in Russia

The article is devoted to the trends and determinants of the transformation of Russian regions' industrial specialization during the period of economic growth. Using the methodology of statistic and econometric analysis it is tested whether the tendency of diversification dominates the tendency of regions’ industrial specialization in 1997-2004 and whether there is a convergence of Russian regions' industrial structures. The considered factors of industries' development in a particular location include the initial industrial structure, inter- and intraregional technologic links between industries, quality of investment climate, R&D potential, international competition

Regionale Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigkeit 1997-2004

"Berichtet wird über eine Prognose der Erwerbstätigkeit in den Regionen der Bundesrepublik bis zum Jahr 2004. Im ersten Teil werden einige ausgewählte Ergebnisse der Vorausschätzung vorgestellt. Für die neuen Bundesländer wird insgesamt mit einer eher ungünstigen Entwicklung gerechnet. Dort wie auch im Westen wird sich die Tendenz zur räumlichen Dekonzentration fortsetzen: In den Zentren der großen Verdichtungsräume wird der Verlust an Arbeitsplätzen (gemessen am Bundesdurchschnitt) überwiegen. Dagegen werden sowohl das Verdichtungsumland als auch eine Reihe peripher gelegener Regionen mit einer überdurchschnittlichen Veränderung rechnen können. Im zweiten Teil wird das Verfahren der Prognose skizziert. Die Prognose geht bottom-up, d.h. die Vorausschätzung wird für jede Region einzeln gemacht. Sie setzt sich aus zwei Bausteinen zusammen. Zuerst wird mit autoregressiven Verfahren der Zeitreihenanalyse ein Korridor plausibler Entwicklungen geschätzt. Anschließend wird untersucht, welche Branchen die Entwicklung der (betreffenden)Region bestimmen und wie sich diese Branchen in Zukunft entwickeln werden. Zur Absicherung der einzelnen Schätzungen werden die Prognosen insgesamt dreimal - mit drei verschiedenen Regionsabgrenzungen - durchgeführt. Durch die entsprechende Aggregation werden die Schätzungen miteinander verglichen und die Summe der regionalen Prognosen mit dem Gesamtwert für die Bundesrepublik abgestimmt. Der Bericht schließt mit der Treffsicherheit der letzten Prognose 1994-2000. Dazu werden die regionalen Vorausschätzungen auf das Jahr 1997 interpoliert und mit der tatsächlichen Entwicklung 1994-1997 verglichen. Gemessen an den früheren Prognosen konnten die Fehler weiter verringert werden." (Autorereferat, IAB-Doku)Erwerbstätigkeit - Prognose, regionale Verteilung, Schätzung - Methode, Prognostik, Arbeitsmarktregion, Westdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Determinants of working capital management

This paper analyzes the determinants of working capital management (WCM) for a sample of Spanish firms during the period 1997-2004. We find that firms have a target investment in working capital and that they take decisions in order to achieve this. The results appear to support the hypothesis that the working capital competes with investment in fixed assets for the funds of the firms when they have financial constraints. Finally, we also find that WCM depends on bargaining power and other financial factors such as the availability of internal finance, cost of financing and financial constraints.Research Agency of the Spanish Government ECO2008-06179/ECO