866 research outputs found
Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large Language Models
As the capabilities of generative language models continue to advance, the
implications of biases ingrained within these models have garnered increasing
attention from researchers, practitioners, and the broader public. This article
investigates the challenges and risks associated with biases in large-scale
language models like ChatGPT. We discuss the origins of biases, stemming from,
among others, the nature of training data, model specifications, algorithmic
constraints, product design, and policy decisions. We explore the ethical
concerns arising from the unintended consequences of biased model outputs. We
further analyze the potential opportunities to mitigate biases, the
inevitability of some biases, and the implications of deploying these models in
various applications, such as virtual assistants, content generation, and
chatbots. Finally, we review the current approaches to identify, quantify, and
mitigate biases in language models, emphasizing the need for a
multi-disciplinary, collaborative effort to develop more equitable,
transparent, and responsible AI systems. This article aims to stimulate a
thoughtful dialogue within the artificial intelligence community, encouraging
researchers and developers to reflect on the role of biases in generative
language models and the ongoing pursuit of ethical AI.Comment: Submitted to Machine Learning with Application
Risk of AI in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Study Framework
This study conducts a thorough examination of the research stream focusing on
AI risks in healthcare, aiming to explore the distinct genres within this
domain. A selection criterion was employed to carefully analyze 39 articles to
identify three primary genres of AI risks prevalent in healthcare: clinical
data risks, technical risks, and socio-ethical risks. Selection criteria was
based on journal ranking and impact factor. The research seeks to provide a
valuable resource for future healthcare researchers, furnishing them with a
comprehensive understanding of the complex challenges posed by AI
implementation in healthcare settings. By categorizing and elucidating these
genres, the study aims to facilitate the development of empirical qualitative
and quantitative research, fostering evidence-based approaches to address
AI-related risks in healthcare effectively. This endeavor contributes to
building a robust knowledge base that can inform the formulation of risk
mitigation strategies, ensuring safe and efficient integration of AI
technologies in healthcare practices. Thus, it is important to study AI risks
in healthcare to build better and efficient AI systems and mitigate risks
Predictive Algorithms in Justice Systems and the Limits of Tech-Reformism
Data-driven digital technologies are playing a pivotal role in shaping the global landscape of criminal justice across several jurisdictions. Predictive algorithms, in particular, now inform decision making at almost all levels of the criminal justice process. As the algorithms continue to proliferate, a fast-growing multidisciplinary scholarship has emerged to challenge their logics and highlight their capacity to perpetuate historical biases. Drawing on insights distilled from critical algorithm studies and the digital sociology scholarship, this paper outlines the limits of prevailing tech-reformist remedies. The paper also builds on the interstices between the two scholarships to make a case for a broader structural framework for understanding the conduits of algorithmic bias
The AI Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges for the Finance Sector
This report examines Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial sector,
outlining its potential to revolutionise the industry and identify its
challenges. It underscores the criticality of a well-rounded understanding of
AI, its capabilities, and its implications to effectively leverage its
potential while mitigating associated risks. The potential of AI potential
extends from augmenting existing operations to paving the way for novel
applications in the finance sector. The application of AI in the financial
sector is transforming the industry. Its use spans areas from customer service
enhancements, fraud detection, and risk management to credit assessments and
high-frequency trading. However, along with these benefits, AI also presents
several challenges. These include issues related to transparency,
interpretability, fairness, accountability, and trustworthiness. The use of AI
in the financial sector further raises critical questions about data privacy
and security. A further issue identified in this report is the systemic risk
that AI can introduce to the financial sector. Being prone to errors, AI can
exacerbate existing systemic risks, potentially leading to financial crises.
Regulation is crucial to harnessing the benefits of AI while mitigating its
potential risks. Despite the global recognition of this need, there remains a
lack of clear guidelines or legislation for AI use in finance. This report
discusses key principles that could guide the formation of effective AI
regulation in the financial sector, including the need for a risk-based
approach, the inclusion of ethical considerations, and the importance of
maintaining a balance between innovation and consumer protection. The report
provides recommendations for academia, the finance industry, and regulators
Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond
In the past decade, the deployment of deep learning (Artificial Intelligence
(AI)) methods has become pervasive across a spectrum of real-world
applications, often in safety-critical contexts. This comprehensive research
article rigorously investigates the ethical dimensions intricately linked to
the rapid evolution of AI technologies, with a particular focus on the
healthcare domain. Delving deeply, it explores a multitude of facets including
transparency, adept data management, human oversight, educational imperatives,
and international collaboration within the realm of AI advancement. Central to
this article is the proposition of a conscientious AI framework, meticulously
crafted to accentuate values of transparency, equity, answerability, and a
human-centric orientation. The second contribution of the article is the
in-depth and thorough discussion of the limitations inherent to AI systems. It
astutely identifies potential biases and the intricate challenges of navigating
multifaceted contexts. Lastly, the article unequivocally accentuates the
pressing need for globally standardized AI ethics principles and frameworks.
Simultaneously, it aptly illustrates the adaptability of the ethical framework
proposed herein, positioned skillfully to surmount emergent challenges
Manifestations of Xenophobia in AI Systems
Xenophobia is one of the key drivers of marginalisation, discrimination, and
conflict, yet many prominent machine learning (ML) fairness frameworks fail to
comprehensively measure or mitigate the resulting xenophobic harms. Here we aim
to bridge this conceptual gap and help facilitate safe and ethical design of
artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. We ground our analysis of the impact of
xenophobia by first identifying distinct types of xenophobic harms, and then
applying this framework across a number of prominent AI application domains,
reviewing the potential interplay between AI and xenophobia on social media and
recommendation systems, healthcare, immigration, employment, as well as biases
in large pre-trained models. These help inform our recommendations towards an
inclusive, xenophilic design of future AI systems
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