Triviality of the ground-state metastate in long-range Ising spin glasses in one dimension

We consider the one-dimensional model of a spin glass with independent Gaussian-distributed random interactions, that have mean zero and variance $1/|i-j|^{2\sigma}$, between the spins at sites $i$ and $j$ for all $i\neq j$. It is known that, for $\sigma>1$, there is no phase transition at any non-zero temperature in this model. We prove rigorously that, for $\sigma>3/2$, any Newman-Stein metastate for the ground states (i.e.\ the frequencies with which distinct ground states are observed in finite size samples in the limit of infinite size, for given disorder) is trivial and unique. In other words, for given disorder and asymptotically at large sizes, the same ground state, or its global spin flip, is obtained (almost) always. The proof consists of two parts: one is a theorem (based on one by Newman and Stein for short-range two-dimensional models), valid for all $\sigma>1$, that establishes triviality under a convergence hypothesis on something similar to the energies of domain walls, and the other (based on older results for the one-dimensional model) establishes that the hypothesis is true for $\sigma>3/2$. In addition, we derive heuristic scaling arguments and rigorous exponent inequalities which tend to support the validity of the hypothesis under broader conditions. The constructions of various metastates are extended to all values $\sigma>1/2$. Triviality of the metastate in bond-diluted power-law models for $\sigma>1$ is proved directly.Comment: 18 pages. v2: subsection on bond-diluted models added, few extra references. 19 pages. v3: published version; a few changes; 20 page

Compensatory growth of three <i>Ficus</i> species in response to herbivore treatment.

<p>Plant biomass above the line indicates overcompensatory regrowth, on the line indicates fullcompensatory regrowth, below the line indicates undercompensatory regrowth (Biomass in the damaged state  =  biomass in control state, slope  = 1) (n = 5 in 2009, n = 12 in 2011).</p

Effect of treatments on root/shoot ratio in <i>Ficus</i> saplings under two soil nutrient levels.

<p>Significant differences between treatments are marked with different letters (mean ± SE, n = 5 in 2009, n = 12 in 2011, <i>P</i><0.05).</p

RGR as a function of <i>P</i>_sat and <i>P</i>_sat as a function of <i>G</i>_s in <i>Ficus</i> saplings under two soil nutrient levels.

<p>Significant differences between treatments are marked with different letters (mean ± SE, n = 3, <i>P</i><0.05). Black shapes, fertile, white shapes, infertile. RGR relative growth rate (mg·g⁻¹·d⁻¹); <i>P</i>_sat, light saturated photosynthetic rate (μmol m⁻²s⁻¹); <i>G</i>_s, stomatal conductance (mol H₂O m⁻²s⁻¹).</p

Effect of treatments on RGR of <i>Ficus</i> saplings under two soil nutrient levels.

<p>Significant differences between treatments are marked with different letters (mean ± SE, n = 5 in 2009, n = 12 in 2011, <i>P</i><0.05). RGR, relative growth rate (mg·g⁻¹·d⁻¹).</p

Effect of treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of <i>Ficus</i> saplings under two soil nutrient levels.

<p>Significant differences between treatments are marked with different letters (mean ± SE, n = 3, <i>P</i><0.05). <i>P</i>_sat, light saturated photosynthetic rate (μmol m⁻²s⁻¹); <i>G</i>_s, stomatal conductance (mol H₂O m⁻²s⁻¹); WUE, water use efficiency (μmol mol⁻¹).</p

Impact of economic reforms on environmental performance.

Impact of economic reforms on environmental performance.</p

Impact of economic and political reforms on environmental performance.

Impact of economic and political reforms on environmental performance.</p

Variables and their description.

Variables and their description.</p

Impact of political reforms on environmental performance.

Impact of political reforms on environmental performance.</p