Stressful Life Events and Suicide: Examining the Role of Socio-Emotional Strengths

Abstract

Stressful Life Events (SLEs) during adolescence are linked to a higher risk of suicidal behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, the specific impact of each type of SLE has been under-researched. Socio-emotional strengths, including belief in self, belief in others, Emotional Competence, and Engaged Living, are key promotive factors for mental health and may mitigate the impact of SLEs on suicidal behavior and NSSI. This study aims to systematically explore the potential indirect effects of socio-emotional strengths in the relationship between SLEs over the past year, grouped by functional areas, and indicators of suicidal behavior and NSSI. Method: 2,283 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (M = 13.99; SD = 1.40) participated in the study, completing scales on SLEs, socio-emotional strengths, and suicidal behavior and NSSI reported over the past year. Results: From the sample, 13.4% of participants reported suicidal desire, 10.5% suicidal ideation, 6.6% NSSI, 5.5% suicide planning, and 2.2% suicide attempts. In the main analyses, Suicidal Behavior (Death Wishes, Ideation, Plans, Attempts) and NSSI were modeled separately. Belief-in-Self and Engaged Living were negatively associated with both outcomes, while Emotional Competence showed a small positive link with suicidal behavior. Peer and Health-Related SLEs had direct effects on both suicidal behavior and NSSI. Indirect effects emerged through Belief-in-Self and Engaged Living. Conclusions: Socio-emotional strengths may play a protective and mediating role in the association between SLEs and Suicidal Behaviors and NSSI in adolescents. Findings highlight the relevance of targeting these strengths in school-based prevention efforts