Ecology, Seasonal Dynamics, and Bioindicator Potential of Trombidium grandissimum (Red Velvet Mite) in Dryland Agroecosystems of Telangana, India

Abstract

Red velvet mites (Trombidium grandissimum) are ecologically important soil arthropods that function as predators and bioindicators of soil health. The present study investigates the seasonal dynamics and ecological distribution of T. grandissimum in selected dryland agroecosystems of Telangana, India, during the 2023 monsoon season. Field surveys were conducted in Palem, Thuljaraopet, and Pedda Padishala using pitfall traps, hand collection, and Tullgren funnel extraction methods. Mite activity was restricted to the early monsoon period (May–August), with peak abundance recorded in July (72 individuals/m² at Palem). Significant variation in population density was observed among sites, with higher abundance in red sandy loam soils under organic farming, whereas lower abundance was recorded in black cotton soils subjected to intensive pesticide use. Soil organic carbon showed a strong positive correlation with mite abundance (r = 0.86, p < 0.01), demonstrating its key role in supporting soil fauna. The results confirm the influence of soil properties and agricultural practices on mite distribution and establish T. grandissimum as a reliable bioindicator of soil health. The study highlights the importance of sustainable farming practices for conserving soil biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem functioning in dryland agroecosystems