Spatial And Seasonal Dynamics Of Freshwater Fish Diversity In Riverine And Lacustrine Wetlands Of Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study investigates the spatial and seasonal dynamics of freshwater fish diversity in selected riverine and lacustrine wetlands of Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh, with special reference to River Gomti and Gujar Tal. The study is based entirely on primary field data collected through systematic, season-wise sampling using standard fishing gears across multiple stations. Species richness, station-wise and seasonal variation, and community structure were analyzed using biodiversity indices such as Shannon–Wiener, Simpson, and Evenness indices. Primary schematic spatial maps were generated to interpret the spatial distribution of fish diversity without reliance on secondary sources. The results revealed that River Gomti supported higher species richness and ecological stability compared to Gujar Tal, primarily due to continuous water flow, habitat heterogeneity, and connectivity. Seasonal analysis showed maximum fish diversity during the monsoon season and minimum during summer, highlighting the influence of hydrological conditions on fish assemblages. Conservation assessment based on IUCN categories indicated that while most species were classified as Least Concern, the presence of Near Threatened, Vulnerable, and Data Deficient species signals emerging conservation risks. Major threats identified included overfishing, pollution, and agricultural runoff. The study emphasizes the need for site-specific, season-sensitive management and conservation strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of freshwater fish biodiversity in wetland ecosystems