Rekonstruksi Ontologi dan Epistemologi Wahyu dalam Al-Qur’an: Integrasi Teologi, Tafsir, dan Implementasi Sosial dalam Perspektif Kontemporer

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the ontology and epistemology of revelation in the Qur'an through a critical study of classical and contemporary theological thought while integrating it with modern socio-religious perspectives. The research focuses on how revelation is understood as a source of absolute divine authority as well as an object of rational inquiry within the Islamic intellectual tradition. The study begins with the epistemological tension between the normative-theological approach, which emphasizes the sacredness of the text, and the academic-contextual approach that situates revelation within historical and social frameworks. In the era of globalization and digital transformation, shifts in religious authority and the emergence of new interpretive discourses make this discussion increasingly relevant for reaffirming the role of revelation in the lives of contemporary Muslims. This study employs a library research method by combining theological, philosophical, and sociological analyses. The primary data sources include works of classical and contemporary Muslim thinkers and literature related to the living Qur’an studies. The findings indicate that ontologically revelation continues to be understood as a transcendent divine kalam, while epistemologically it remains open to rational and contextual approaches without losing its sacred authority. The integration of revelation and reason reflects the dynamic nature of Islamic intellectual tradition that remains adaptive to social change. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of a multidimensional approach in the study of revelation and recommends the development of integrative Islamic education.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ontologi dan epistemologi wahyu dalam Al-Qur’an melalui kajian kritis terhadap pemikiran teologi klasik dan kontemporer, serta mengintegrasikannya dengan perspektif sosial-keagamaan modern. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada bagaimana wahyu dipahami sebagai sumber otoritas ilahiah yang absolut sekaligus sebagai objek kajian rasional dalam tradisi intelektual Islam. Isu yang dikaji awal dari ketegangan epistemologis antara pendekatan normatif-teologis yang menekankan sakralitas teks dan pendekatan akademik-kontekstual yang menempatkan wahyu dalam kerangka historis serta sosial. Dalam konteks globalisasi dan transformasi digital, pergeseran otoritas keagamaan dan berkembangnya wacana tafsir baru menjadikan pembahasan ini semakin relevan untuk menegaskan kembali posisi wahyu dalam kehidupan umat Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) yang memadukan analisis teologis, filosofis, dan sosiologis. Sumber data utama meliputi karya pemikir klasik dan kontemporer, serta literatur terkait kajian living Qur’an. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara ontologis wahyu tetap dipahami sebagai kalam Ilahi yang transenden, sementara secara epistemologis ia terbuka terhadap pendekatan rasional dan kontekstual tanpa kehilangan otoritas sakralnya. Integrasi antara wahyu dan akal memperlihatkan dinamika intelektual Islam yang adaptif terhadap perubahan zaman. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan multidimensional dalam studi wahyu, serta merekomendasikan pengembangan pendidikan Islam yang integratif agar Al-Qur’an tetap menjadi pedoman normatif sekaligus responsif terhadap realitas sosial modern

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