Discussion Paper No. 352 of 2024 on Towards Human Vaccine Production in Kenya: Exploring Key Pathways to Sufficient Production

Abstract

This study examines human vaccine production in Kenya, focusing on key drivers, policies, and regulatory frameworks, while suggesting pathways for sufficient manufacturing through 2040. Employing future foresight methodology, it analyzes data from systematic literature reviews and expert interviews. Vaccine production is vital for Kenya due to the high morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases; the experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic; and the accelerated phase-out of vaccine supply support from the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi) before 2030. The study finds that strong government support and robust partnerships are essential for successful human vaccine production based on the experiences of leading countries. The key factors include funding from the exchequer, supported by favourable policies, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure, and R&D capabilities. It emerges that there are many opportunities for Kenya to leverage financial and technical support from global and regional organizations in its efforts to establish a vaccine industry, including the African Union. On the legal and regulatory front, Kenya faces a lack of harmony between domestic and international legal frameworks, and gaps in the adoption of international standards. These factors may hinder efforts in human vaccine production. The study recommends that the government, in collaboration with other stakeholders, enhance support for R&D and infrastructure development through national budgeting and public-private partnerships. Essential infrastructure includes formulation and fill-finish facilities, along with advanced equipment for vaccine production