Prevention of healthcare-associated infections in preterm infants in the incubator

Abstract

Uvod: Nedonošenčki v inkubatorju imajo zaradi nezrelega imunskega sistema in pogostih invazivnih posegov povečano tveganje za okužbe, povezane z zdravstveno oskrbo. Namen zaključnega dela je proučiti ukrepe, s katerimi zdravstveni delavci zmanjšujejo pojavnost okužb, povezanih z zdravstveno oskrbo, pri nedonošenčkih, nameščenih v inkubatorju. Metode: Izveden je bil pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature, ki smo jo iskali v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed in ScienceDirect. Potek vključevanja in izključevanja raziskav smo ponazorili s PRISMA diagramom. Izbrane raziskave smo zbrali v evalvacijsko tabelo, jih ovrednotili glede na raven dokazov ter izvedli tematsko analizo. Rezultati: Izmed 436 zadetkov smo jih v končno analizo vključili osem. Rezultati kažejo, da so preventivni ukrepi za preprečevanje okužb, povezanih z zdravstveno oskrbo, pri nedonošenčkih v inkubatorju kompleksen proces, pri katerem imajo ključno vlogo štiri področja: organizacijske ovire pri izvajanju ukrepov, usposabljanje in izobraževanje zdravstvenega osebja, dezinfekcija inkubatorjev, prav tako pa je pomembna vloga staršev in vodstva pri preprečevanju okužb, povezanih z zdravstveno oskrbo. Razprava in zaključek: Okužbe, povezane z zdravstveno oskrbo, povzročajo zaplete, podaljšujejo hospitalizacijo in povečujejo tveganje za smrtnost, raziskave pa potrjujejo, da kljub napredku še vedno predstavljajo velik problem. Prav zato je za varno obravnavo nedonošenčkov v inkubatorju ključnega pomena dosledno izvajanje preventivnih ukrepov.Introduction: Premature infants in incubators are at increased risk of healthcare-associated infections due to their immature immune system and frequent invasive procedures. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the measures healthcare professionals use to reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infections in premature infants placed in incubators. Methods: A review of scientific and professional literature was conducted, which we searched in the CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The process of inclusion and exclusion of the virus was illustrated with a PRISMA diagram. We collected the selected studies in an evaluation table, evaluated them according to the level of evidence, and performed a thematic analysis. Results: Of the 436 hits, we included eight in the final analysis. The results show that preventive measures for preventing healthcare-associated infections in incubated preterm infants are a complex process in which four areas play a key role: organizational barriers to implementing measures, training and education of healthcare staff, disinfection of incubators, and the role of parents and management in preventing healthcare-associated infections. Discussion and conclusion: Healthcare-associated infections cause complications, prolong hospitalization, and increase the risk of mortality, and research confirms that despite progress, they still represent a major challenge. Therefore, consistent implementation of preventive measures is crucial for the safe care of premature infants in incubators