Feasibility Study: Frugal Production of Au@C60 (Gold Endohedral Fullerene)

Abstract

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT 5.2 Thinking and Gemini 3 Raisonnement, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes : EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French PC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5)(中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1)(特許法). It discloses frugal, industrializable routes to synthesize, purify, characterize, formulate, and deploy Au@C60 (helium arc discharge, composite anodes, arc control, gas recirculation, quench/soot collection, solvent extraction, antisolvent-driven colloid formation, density gradients, batch/continuous ultracentrifugation, solvent recycling, gold recovery). It further discloses theranostic uses (CT contrast, imaging-guided dosing), devices (redox/ROS sensors, photoactivable wound dressings, implant coatings), and data/AI building blocks (interoperability, federated learning, secure MLOps, biomarker closed-loop control). Original Zenodo url: https://zenodo.org/records/1811580