Quantum Klein-Gordon Equation of a Bosonic Particle in an Expanding Volume: CMB Photon Predicts the Age of the Universe (76.4 Gy) and the Observed Age (13.8 Gy) with Special Relativity

Abstract

A few years ago, a model of the universe was presented in this journal. At that time, an age of 76.1 Gy had been found by hypothesizing that the CMB photons were the source of the observed Casimir effect. However, no explanation had been proposed for the fact that we were observing a much smaller age, about 13.8 Gy. In this paper, we demonstrate again by a completely different method, namely the solution of the Klein-Gordon equation for a bosonic particle undergoing a quantum expansion of space (Hubble-Lemaître law) that the age of the universe is indeed 76.4 Gy and we observe a shorter age by the effects of the special relativity generated by the relative speed of our galaxy with that of the CMB rest frame. Thus, we clearly demonstrate that the notion of time in the universe is indeed relative as predicted by the theory of special relativity. This could call into question certain notions involving distances and associated times in the universe