Shielding the gut: Can Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB-64 mitigate doxorubicin-induced enterotoxicity in a rat model?

Abstract

Objective: Doxorubicin is an effective cytostatic agent, but its use is limited due to adverse effects that primarily affect the heart, kidneys, liver, and intestines. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB-64 exhibits antagonism against pathogenic bacteria in the digestive system and is widely used as a commercial probiotic (Liobif®, Torlak). This study aims to evaluate its potential prophylactic effects on doxorubicin-induced enteropathy and malabsorption in a rat model, where these conditions are among primary causes of mortality in the acute post-treatment phase. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 36) were randomised into six groups: LIO-DOX35 (n = 6) and LIO-DOX70 (n = 6) received Liobif® (1 mL PO) for five days prior doxorubicin (5mg/0,5 mL/ kg IV), followed by continued administration until day 35 and 70 respectively. DOX35 (n = 7) and DOX70 (n = 7) received doxorubicin without probiotic supplementation. Controls received either saline (CONT; n= 5; 0,5 mL/kg, IV) or Liobif® alone (LIO-CONT; n = 7; 1mL PO). Body weight was measured weekly. Overall health was monitored daily. Results: Weight gain and healthy appearance were observed in LACT-DOX35, LACT-DOX70, CONT, and LACT-CONT groups with or without mild diarrhoea. In contrast, DOX35 and DOX70 groups exhibited weight loss and deteriorating health with profuse diarrhoea. Pathohistological analysis displayed mild bowel tissue disruption in probiotic-treated groups, whereas DOX-only groups had intestinal atrophy. Other organs revealed impairments typical for doxorubicin-treated individuals. Conclusions: Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB-65 potentially improves quality of life in doxorubicin-induced enteropathy