3D Printing in the Construction Sector: Identification of Key Topics, Technologies, Applications and Relevant Factors Discussed in the Literature

Abstract

3D printing is transforming the construction industry by reducing material waste, enhancing design flexibility, and shortening construction timelines. As a rapidly advancing technology, it offers innovative solutions for efficient, sustainable, and advanced building practices. This study aims to give an overview of the contents treated in the literature on 3D printing of concrete, with a focus on key topics, technologies, applications, and parameters influencing printability. Following a systematic review process, 1079 studies were analyzed in terms of objectives, structural applications, and printing technologies. The findings reveal a strong emphasis on parameters such as strength, interlayer bonding, and rheological properties, while durability-related aspects like freeze-thaw resistance and water absorption are explored more seldom. The study underscores the need for material optimization to balance fresh-state and hardened-state properties, ensure long-term structural performance, and incorporate sustainable materials. By addressing these gaps, this research identifies critical pathways for advancing 3D printing in construction and provides recommendations for achieving durable, efficient, and environmentally sustainable solutions