Translation and Validation of the Arabic International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire Among Patients with Physical Illness and Their Families in Iraq

Abstract

Background: The populations of middle- and low-income countries are exposed to many stressors, and these are associated with worse mental health. The ICD-11 includes a section “Disorders specifically associated with stress” and there are many validated measures for the assessment of stress-related disorders. However, there is no self-reported measure of ICD-11 adjustment disorder available for use in Arabic-speaking populations. This study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of the self-reported International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire. Methods: Data was collected from Iraqi patients with physical illness and their families from October 6 to October 14, 2024, through a cross-sectional study conducted at Baghdad's Teaching Hospital and the Oncology Teaching Hospital. The R Environment for Statistical Programming was utilized for analysis. Results: Findings from confirmatory factor analysis were consistent with previous studies by identifying two strongly correlated factors (r = 0.72), representing the ‘preoccupation’ and ‘failure to adapt’ symptom clusters. These factors showed reliable scores (α = 0.695 and 0.814) and significant relations to depression and anxiety. To avoid multicollinearity, a total symptom scale can be used, based on similarly positive relations to psychological states and high reliability (α = 0.798). Conclusion: The Arabic translation demonstrates good psychometric properties and can be utilized in clinical and research settings