Resposta Ganglionar Após Quimioterapia Neoadjuvante e Potenciais Alvos para Descalar Cirurgia Axilar em Doentes com Cancro de Mama

Abstract

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has the potential for tumor downstaging and surgery de-escalation. In the axilla, this approach is less established, especially in cN+→ycN0. Targeted axillary dissection is an option, but difficult to concretize. We aim to identify biological factors associated with nodal pathological complete response (pCR) and recognize potential candidates for a more conservative axillary approach after NAC, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Methods: Retrospective, single-center cohort of patients with node-positive breast cancer, treated with NAC followed by axillary lymph node dissection from 2017 to 2021. The primary outcome was nodal pCR, overall and by molecular subtypes. A logistic regression model was conducted to identify biological factors predicting nodal pCR. Results: A total of 414 patients were included. Overall, the nodal pCR rate was 37.9%. It was higher in HR+/HER2+ (62.1%), HR-/HER2+ (61.0%) and HR-/HER2- (56.3%) tumors, whereas only 21.6% in HR+/HER2- (p<0.001). In patients without nodal pCR, HR+/HER2- had the highest median number of positive lymph nodes (p=0.038). In multivariate analysis, HR+/HER2+ (OR 5.157, 95% CI 2.768-9.608, p<0.001), HR-/HER2+ (OR 4.207, 95% CI 1.935-9.147, p<0.001), HR-/HER2- (OR 2.242, 95% CI 1.180-4.261, p=0.014), and differentiation grade 3 (OR 4.075, 95% CI 2.448-6.784, p<0.001) were independently associated with nodal pCR. Conclusion: Our data reveal HER2+, triple-negative and grade 3 tumors as predictive factors for nodal pCR. Parallel to the breast, axillary surgery de-escalation may be guided by tumor intrinsic factors. Identifying these “good responders” could help identify the candidates for a simpler axillary approach after NAC, such as SLNB.Introdução: A quimioterapia neoadjuvante (QTNA) tem o potencial de downstaging tumoral, permitindo descalar cirurgia. Esta abordagem é menos estabelecida na axila, sobretudo em doentes cN+→ycN0. A linfadenectomia axilar seletiva é uma opção, mas difícil de concretizar. Pretendemos identificar fatores biológicos associados a resposta patológica completa (pCR) ganglionar e reconhecer potenciais candidatos para uma abordagem axilar após QTNA mais conservadora, como a biópsia do gânglio sentinela (BGS). Métodos: Coorte retrospetiva unicêntrica de doentes com carcinoma da mama cN+, tratados com QTNA e linfadenectomia axilar de 2017 a 2021. O outcome primário foi a pCR ganglionar, global e por subtipo molecular. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão logística para identificar fatores preditivos de pCR ganglionar. Resultados: Incluídos 414 doentes. A pCR ganglionar global foi de 37,9%. Foi superior nos subtipos HR+/HER2+ (62,1%), HR-/HER2+ (61,0%) e HR-/HER2- (56,3%), e apenas 21,6% nos HR-/HER2- (p< 0,001). Entre aqueles sem pCR ganglionar, os HR+/HER2- apresentaram o maior número de gânglios positivos (p=0,038). Os subtipos HR+/HER2+ (OR 5,157; IC 95% 2,768–9,608; p<0,001), HR-/HER2+ (OR 4,207; IC 95% 1,935–9,147; p<0,001), HR-/HER2- (OR 2,242; IC 95% 1,180–4,261; p=0,014) e os tumores G3 (OR 4,075; IC 95% 2,448–6,784; p<0,001) associaram-se de forma independente com a pCR ganglionar. Conclusão: Os tumores HER2+, triplo negativos e G3 foram identificados como fatores preditivos de pCR ganglionar. Paralelamente à mama, a biologia tumoral pode guiar o descalar da cirurgia axilar. A identificação destes “bons respondedores” poderá contribuir para selecionar candidatos a abordagens axilares mais conservadoras após QTNA, como a BGS

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This paper was published in Revista Portuguesa de Cirurgia.

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