Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesis, Surface Coating, and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Abstract

In recent years, the development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted the attention of users worldwide due to their potential for use in many fields, including biomedical applications. The unique properties of MNPs, such as superparamagnetism, high saturation magnetization, and biocompatibility, make them ideal for many biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and drug delivery. Synthetic methods include ball milling, gas phase condensation (GPC), sol-gel, and thermal decomposition. Surface coating of MNPs is important to improve their biocompatibility, stability, and targeting ability. Various coating materials are discussed, including organic polymers, inorganic silica, and gold. Using MNPs as a contrast agent in MRI improves image quality and allows imaging of small tumors. MNPs also show promise in cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and hyperthermia. Biocompatibility and toxicity of MNPs are important factors to consider in their biomedical applications. Surface coating of MNPs plays an important role in reducing their toxicity and increasing their biocompatibility. The use of biocompatible materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases the safety of MNPs in biomedical applications. Future research should focus on overcoming challenges associated with mass synthesis, coating, and biomedical applications of MNPs