Military targeting on battlefield using UAV with support of AI

Abstract

Ovaj rad pruža pregled evolucije bespilotnih letjelica (UAV) te njihove integracije s umjetnom inteligencijom (AI), s posebnim naglaskom na primjenu u ciljanju na bojišnici. Počevši od povijesnih osnova, rad opisuje ranu upotrebu UAV-ova u vojnim operacijama kroz „Tri D“ koncept koji je oblikovao primjenu bespilotnih letjelica u okruženjima visokog rizika, nesigurnim zonama i dugotrajnim misijama. Rad dalje analizira suvremene tehnološke koncepte koji omogućuju autonomno upravljanje UAV sustavima, s posebnim naglaskom na integraciju AI. Posebna pažnja posvećena je algoritmima za detekciju i praćenje objekata što omogućava precizno i pouzdano autonomno ciljanje. U radu su opisane teorijske osnove neophodne za ciljanje, objašnjavajući kinematiku i balistiku UAV-ova te primjenu i opis matematičkih modela za procjenu stanja. U završnom dijelu, rad ukazuje na ključne izazove s kojima se suočavaju suvremeni sustavi, uključujući ograničenja u obradi podataka u stvarnom vremenu, energetske zahtjeve, sigurnosne prijetnje i nedostatak pravne regulative, te predlaže potencijalne pravce daljnjeg razvoja tehnologije.This paper provides an overview of the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their integration with artificial intelligence (AI), with a particular emphasis on battlefield targeting. Starting from historical foundations, the paper describes the early use of UAVs in military operations through the “Three D” concept that shaped the use of UAVs in high-risk environments, insecure zones, and long-duration missions. The paper then analyzes contemporary technological concepts that enable autonomous control of UAV systems, with a particular emphasis on AI integration. Special attention is paid to object detection and tracking algorithms that enable precise and reliable autonomous targeting. The paper describes the theoretical foundations necessary for targeting, explaining the kinematics and ballistics of UAVs, and the application and description of mathematical models for state assessment. In the final section, the paper points to key challenges faced by contemporary systems, including limitations in real-time data processing, energy requirements, security threats, and the lack of legal regulation, and suggests potential directions for further development of the technology