Agrotechnical and agroecological analysis of grain production at OPG Ćirić Đorđe from 2021 to 2023

Abstract

Agroekološki uvijeti i agrotehnički zahvati uz poseban fokus na klimatske čimbenike poput oborina i temperatura su najvažniji u proizvodnji žitairca. Žitarice, kao osnovni dio svjetske poljoprivredne proizvodnje, zahtijevaju povoljne klimatske uvjete, uključujući optimalne količine oborina u ključnim fazama rasta i stabilne temperature tijekom vegetacije. Također, važna je primjena odgovarajućih agrotehničkih mjera poput plodoreda, obrade tla i pravilnog planiranja sjetve, gnojidbe, njege usjeva i žetve koji omogućuju očuvanje plodnosti tla, smanjenje rizika od bolesti i štetnika te povećanje otpornosti usjeva na klimatske promjene. U radu je analiziran utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta i provedene agrotehnike na proizvodnju pšenice i kukuruza u razdoblju 2021./2022. i 2022./2023. godine na OPG-a Ćirić Đorđe. U 2022./2023. godini povoljniji klimatski uvjeti, s višim količinama oborina u proljeće i stabilnijim temperaturama, omogućili su bolji rast i razvoj žitarica, dok je sezona 2021./2022. bila obilježena nepovoljnim uvjetima, što je utjecalo na smanjenje prinosa. Ovaj rad potvrđuje da uspješna proizvodnja žitarica zahtijeva usklađivanje agroekoloških uvjeta s pravilnim agrotehničkim mjerama, što omogućava održivost proizvodnje i visoke prinose u promjenjivim klimatskim uvjetima.Agroecological Conditions and Agrotechnical Measures with a Special Focus on Climatic Factors such as Precipitation and Temperature are Crucial in Cereal Production Cereals, as a fundamental part of global agricultural production, require favorable climatic conditions, including optimal precipitation levels during key growth stages and stable temperatures throughout the vegetation period. Additionally, the application of appropriate agrotechnical measures, such as crop rotation, soil tillage, and proper planning of sowing, fertilization, crop care, and harvesting, is essential. These measures help maintain soil fertility, reduce the risk of diseases and pests, and enhance crop resilience to climate change. This study analyzes the impact of weather conditions and applied agrotechnics on wheat and maize production during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons on the family farm OPG Ćirić Đorđe. In the 2022/2023 season, more favorable climatic conditions, with higher precipitation in spring and more stable temperatures, facilitated better cereal growth and development. In contrast, the 2021/2022 season was marked by unfavorable conditions, leading to reduced yields. This research confirms that successful cereal production requires aligning agroecological conditions with proper agrotechnical measures, ensuring production sustainability and high yields in changing climatic conditions