KERAGAMAN ARTHROPODA MUSUH ALAMI PADA FASE VEGETATIF VARIETAS PADI PERSILANGAN DAN MUTAN: Arthropoda musuh alami, Keragaman, Varietas padi, Vegetatif

Abstract

Increasing rice productivity requires not only the utilization of high-yielding varieties, but also ecologically friendly insect control. The use of natural enemy arthropods as biological control agents is critical for long-term pest suppression. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of natural enemy arthropods and examine the diversity (H'), evenness (E), and dominance (D) indices of many rice varieties during the vegetative phase, including hybrid varieties (Mantap, INPARI 32, and IPB 3S) and mutant varieties (Srinuk and Gamagora 7). This research was conducted using an exploratory method at the Agricultural Training Center of Central Java Province from January to March 2025. Data collection was carried out using sweep nets and direct observations at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after transplanting (WAT), followed by arthropod identification at the Laboratory of Universitas Tidar. The results showed the presence of nine species of predatory arthropods, namely Paederus fuscipes, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Conocephalus longipennis, Orthetrum sabina, Agriocnemis femina, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Solenopsis geminata, Tetragnatha javana, and Oxyopes javanus.  Diversity, evenness, and dominance indices differed between rice types, with mutant variants generally having greater diversity values. The diversity of natural enemy arthropods suggests that they may play an important role in implementing more effective and environmentally friendly Integrated Pest Management strategies. Keywords: Diversity, Natural enemy arthropods, Rice varieties, Vegetative phasePeningkatan produktivitas padi tidak hanya bergantung pada penggunaan varietas unggul, tetapi juga pengelolaan hama yang ramah lingkungan. Penggunaan arthropoda musuh alami sebagai agens hayati penting dalam menekan populasi hama secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis arthropoda musuh alami dan menganalisis indeks keragaman, kemerataan, dan dominansi pada fase vegetatif beberapa varietas padi persilangan (Mantap, INPARI 32, dan IPB 3S) dan mutan (Srinuk dan Gamagora 7). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksplorasi di lahan Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada Januari–Maret 2025. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan jaring ayun dan pengamatan langsung pada 2, 4, 6 dan 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST), kemudian arthropoda diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Universitas Tidar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 9 spesies arthropoda predator yaitu Paederus fuscipes, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Conocephalus longipennis, Orthetrum sabina, Agriocnemis femina, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Solenopsis geminata, Tetragnatha javana dan Oxyopes javanus. Indeks keragaman (H'), kemerataan (E), dan dominansi (D) bervariasi antar varietas, dengan varietas mutan umumnya menunjukkan nilai keragaman yang lebih tinggi. Keberagaman arthropoda musuh alami menunjukkan potensi kontribusi besar dalam penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang lebih efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: Arthropoda musuh alami, Keragaman, Varietas padi, Vegetati