Tariffs turbulences in 2025. Intellectual property trade barriers local trade protections vs tariffs

Abstract

The paper focuses on economic theory intellectual property of marks, collective marks, and geographical indications of trade barriers towards tariffs. We analyze the increasing conflict and turbulence due to the trade rivalry between the U.S., Europe, and China revamped at the beginning of 2025. One strategy suggests indirect barriers, for example, Geographical Indication (GI) as the protection for local trade and against tariffs. The self-sufficient agriculture strategy or national security concern supports the protection of agricultural goods as  Geographical Indications. The paper uses an example of Brazil\u27s case using the 2019 Mercosul - Europe agreement, and recent meetings (2024) suggesting the trade flow from Europe to the U.S. Another expansion of European and Brazilian GI exports could be increasing Europe - Mercosur trade. Thus the result of the research is favorable to GI (using the European terroir interpretation) against the use of marks and collective marks as a countermeasure of tariff increase.The paper focuses on economic theory intellectual property of marks, collective marks, and geographical indications of trade barriers towards tariffs. We analyze the increasing conflict and turbulence due to the trade rivalry between the U.S., Europe, and China revamped at the beginning of 2025. One strategy suggests indirect barriers, for example, Geographical Indication (GI) as the protection for local trade and against tariffs. The self-sufficient agriculture strategy or national security concern supports the protection of agricultural goods as  Geographical Indications. The paper uses an example of Brazil\u27s case using the 2019 Mercosul - Europe agreement, and recent meetings (2024) suggesting the trade flow from Europe to the U.S. Another expansion of European and Brazilian GI exports could be increasing Europe - Mercosur trade. Thus the result of the research is favorable to GI (using the European terroir interpretation) against the use of marks and collective marks as a countermeasure of tariff increase