Pimpin, Peduli, atau Kehilangan? Transformational Leadership, Ethical Climate, dan Dampak Physical Work Environment Pada Turnover Intention Pekerja Generasi Z

Abstract

Generation Z, which currently dominates the workforce, has high expectations for work-life balance, material rewards, and supportive physical work environment (PWE). This study explores the influence of transformational leadership (TL), caring ethical climate (CEC), and physical work environment (PWE) on turnover intention (TI) among 317 Generation Z workers across various sectors in Indonesia. Study findings reveal that transformational leadership (TL) directly reduces turnover intention (TI; β = - .70; p < .05), though the mediating effect through caring ethical climate (CEC) is not significant; only evident under low physical work environment (PWE) conditions. Results also show that physical work environment (PWE) plays a significant moderating role (β = - .63; p < .05), strengthening the positive impact of caring ethical climate (CEC) in reducing turnover intention (TI). In other words, a conducive physical work environment (PWE) not only enhances comfort, but also supports the creation of an ethical culture that more effectively lowers turnover intention (TI). This highlights that physical factors in the workplace have a substantial impact, both directly and indirectly, on employee retention. This study underscores the importance of transformational leadership (TL) and the management of physical work environment (PWE) in enhancing the loyalty of Generation Z workers, with results providing strategic insights to improve retention through a holistic approach.Generasi Z yang mendominasi dunia kerja saat ini memiliki ekspektasi tinggi terhadap work-life balance, material rewards, dan physical work environment (PWE) yang mendukung. Studi ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh transformational leadership (TL), caring ethical climate (CEC), dan physical work environment (PWE) terhadap turnover intention (TI) pada 317 pekerja Generasi Z di berbagai sektor di Indonesia. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa transformational leadership (TL) secara langsung menurunkan turnover intention (TI; β = - 0,70; p < 0,05), namun efek mediasi melalui caring ethical climate (CEC) tidak signifikan; hanya tampak pada tingkat physical work environment (PWE) rendah. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa physical work environment (PWE) menunjukkan peran moderasi yang signifikan (β = - 0,63; p < 0,05), memperkuat pengaruh positif caring ethical climate (CEC) dalam mengurangi turnover intention (TI). Dengan kata lain, physical work environment (PWE) yang baik tidak hanya meningkatkan kenyamanan, tetapi juga mendukung terciptanya budaya etis yang lebih efektif dalam menurunkan turnover intention (TI). Hal ini menekankan bahwa faktor fisik di tempat kerja memiliki dampak besar, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, terhadap retensi pekerja. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya transformational leadership (TL) dan pengelolaan physical work environment (PWE) untuk meningkatkan loyalitas pekerja Generasi Z, dengan hasil studi yang menyediakan strategi retensi berbasis pendekatan holistik