DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL PACKAGING SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE BRUISING DAMAGE IN FRUITS DURING HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION

Abstract

Drop tests were performed at heights of 200 mm and 500 mm onto wood and steel surfaces to replicate real-world transportation conditions. The results showed that packaging greatly reduces bruising, with the Triangular and Circular designs yielding the best performance. Unprotected pears experienced the most damage, especially on steel surfaces, with bruise volumes reaching 5659 mm3. The Triangular design achieved the highest reduction in bruising, up to 91.99%, confirming its effectiveness in absorbing impact forces. Statistical and regression analyses confirmed that drop height and impact surface significantly influence bruising, but their impacts are reduced with packaging (R2 > 0.92). This study lays the groundwork for optimizing fruit packaging to reduce mechanical damage and enhance supply chain efficiency. The suggested packaging designs present a cost-effective and scalable solution for fruit transporters and agricultural producers. The use of 3D printing boosts customizability and sustainability, offering a promising technology for future packaging innovations. These findings contribute to better industry standards, ensuring higher-quality produce reaches consumers with less damage