Next-Generation Pertussis Vaccines

Abstract

Pertusis je respiratorna bolest koja se može sprečiti vakcinacijom, a izaziva je Bordetella pertussis, prisutna u ustima, nosu i grlu zaražene osobe. Kako su ljudi jedini rezervoar ove bakterije, potpuna vakcinacija protiv pertusisa i visoka stopa imunizacije od izuzetnog su značaja, naročito imajući u vidu da su odojčad mlađa od godinu dana najugroženija od teških oblika bolesti i smrtnog ishoda. Vakcinacija celim ćelijama (engl. WCV – whole-cell vaccine) sadrži neaktivne bakterije, dok acelularna vakcina (engl. ACV – acellular pertussis vaccine) sadrži proteinske komponente Bordetella pertussis, kao što su inaktivisani pertusis toksin, filamentni hemaglutinin, pertaktin i fimbrije. Acelularna vakcina razvijena je kao odgovor na izveštaje o neželjenim reakcijama koje su se javljale nakon primene vakcine sa celim ćelijama u određenim zemljama. Uvođenje acelularne vakcine tokom 90-ih godina prošlog veka dovelo je do postepenog porasta broja slučajeva pertusisa. WCV vakcina izaziva snažniji imunološki odgovor, sličniji prirodnoj infekciji, i pruža dugotrajniju zaštitu. U zemljama koje koriste ACV preporučuje se pojačan nadzor, kao i uključivanje dodatnih doza (buster doza). Posebna pažnja se posvećuje vakcinaciji trudnica u cilju zaštite novorođenčadi. Vakcine koje sadrže rekombinantni, genetski detoksifikovani pertusis toksin nedavno su registrovane, a njihova prednost je što omogućavaju manju količinu antigena po dozi za postizanje zaštite. Ipak, postoji potreba za razvojem nove generacije pertusis vakcina koje bi zadržale prednosti vakcina sa celim ćelijama – kao što su indukcija adekvatnijeg imunološkog odgovora i dugotrajna zaštita – o čemu će ovde biti reči.Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable, respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, present in the mouth, nose, and throat of an infected person. As humans are the sole reservoir, complete vaccination against pertussis and high vaccination coverage is of utmost importance, especially as infants aged <1 year are at greatest risk of serious disease and death. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine (WCV) contains nonviable bacteria and acellular pertussis vaccine (ACV) - contains protein components from B. pertussis such as inactivated pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae. The acellular vaccine was developed in response to reports of adverse reactions upon administering the whole-cell vaccine in certain countries. The introduction of acellular vaccine in the 90s has led to a lower level gradual increase of the number of pertussis cases. The WCV vaccine stimulates a strong immune response more similar to infection and protection which is more durable. For countries that have adopted ACV increased monitoring is advised as well as the inclusion of booster doses. Special focus is given on the vaccination of pregnant women to protect the newborns. Recombinant, genetically detoxified pertussis toxin containing vaccines have been recently registered the benefit being that this reduces the amount of antigen needed per dose to confer protection. Nevertheless, a need exists for the development of a new generation of pertussis vaccines, which will have the benefits of whole cell vaccine, such as the induction of more adequate immune response and durability of protection, which will be discussed here

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Last time updated on 06/08/2025

This paper was published in InTOR.

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