Histological insight into systemic host response to k-carrageenan-based films enhanced with honey and calendula officinalis extract

Abstract

Biomaterijali bazirani na prirodnim polimerima su u regenerativnoj medicini sve zastupljeniji, pre svega zbog odlične biokompatibilnosti i biorazgradivosti, čime je i mogućnost mehaničkog oštećenja tkiva domaćina smanjena. Ipak, njihova brza razgradnja i sistemska apsorpcija mogu dovesti do neželjenih sistemskih reakcija. Filmovi na bazi κ-karagenana, sa dodatakom meda i ekstrakta cveta nevena u koncentracijama od 5% (C3) i 10% (C7), su dobijeni metodom izlivanja rastvora. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se kod pacova Wistar soja, histološkom analizom aksilarnih i brahijalnih limfnih čvorova, proceni sistemski odgovor organizma na novodobijene filmove. U blizini mesta implantacije filmova C3, C7 ili lažne operacije (kontrolna grupa – Ctr) su uzeti uzorci iz 36 limfnih čvorova, a zatim su napravljeni preparati obojeni hematoksilin-eozinom i toluidinskim plavim. Za histološku analizu limfnih čvorova, koja je podrazumevala procenu strukture tkiva, procentualnu zastupljenost aktiviranih limfnih folikula i gustinu mastocita, je korišćen mikroskop Olympus CX31. Kod svih ispitivanih uzoraka je zapažena očuvana struktura i odsustvo granulocita. Procenat aktiviranih limfnih folikula je bio viši u grupama C3 i C7 (37,53 ± 13,49 i 43,13 ± 23,17) u odnosu na Ctr (18,90 ± 25,45). Broj mastocita na mm² površine tkiva je, takođe, bio viši u C3 i C7 (51,67 ± 6,66 i 46,50 ± 29,09) u poređenju sa Ctr grupom (39,25 ± 23,24). Međutim, statistički značajne razlike nisu utvrđene ni u broju mastocita, niti u procentualnoj zastupljenosti aktiviranih limfnih folikula. Rezultati ukazuju da ispitivani filmovi na bazi κ -karagenana ne izazivaju neželjeni sistemski odgovor organizma i da su bezbedni za upotrebu u daljim kliničkim ispitivanjima.Natural polymer-based biomaterials are increasingly recognized in regenerative medicine due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which minimizes the mechanical disruption to host tissues. However, their rapid degradation and systemic absorption could potentially cause harmful systemic reactions. Using solution casting method κ-carrageenan-based films with addition of honey and Calendula officinalis extract in concentrations of 5% and 10% (C3 and C7, respectively) were fabricated. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic host response to the novel films in Wistar rats by analyzing the histological structure of axillary and brachial lymphatic nodes. Tissue sections of 36 lymphatic nodes close to the regions of C3 and C7 implantation, or sham operations (Ctr) were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Toluidine blue. The histoarchitecture, percentage of activated lymphatic follicles and density of mast cells were analyzed using Olympus CX31 microscope. All lymph nodes showed preserved histoarchitecture and absence of granulocytes. The percentage of activated lymphatic follicles was higher in the C3 and C7 groups (37.53 ± 13.49 and 43.13 ± 23.17 respectively) compared to the Ctr (18.90 ± 25.45). The number of mast cells per mm² was also higher in C3 and C7 groups (51.67 ±6.66 and 46.50 ± 29.09 respectively) compared to the Ctr (39.25 ±23.24). However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in either mast cell counts or the proportion of activated lymphatic follicles. Our findings suggest that there is no adverse systemic host response to the tested κ-carrageenan-based films and that these biomaterials are safe for further clinical testing.Zbornik radov