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An Arabic exhortation to philosophy : the Risālat al-tuffāḥa (Liber de pomo)

Abstract

La Risālat al-Tuffāḥa, connue également sous le titre latin de Liber de Pomo, est un dialogue inspiré du Phédon de Platon, qui met en scène un Aristote mourant, que le parfum d'une pomme maintient en vie. Le philosophe répond aux questions de ses disciples, avides de recueillir le sens ultime de son enseignement ; il les enjoint de ne pas craindre la mort et de choisir la philosophie, seule voie qui mène au salut. Aujourd'hui tombée dans l'oubli, cette œuvre fut pourtant l'une des plus populaires du Moyen Âge. Célèbre dès le Xe siècle dans sa version arabe, elle fut traduite en persan, en hébreu et en latin et joua un rôle important dans la construction de la figure médiévale du philosophe. Son origine est toutefois assez obscure : au vu du cadre qu'elle met en scène, on a pu émettre l'hypothèse qu'elle constituait la traduction d'une œuvre grecque antique. Or sa version arabe, source des traductions ultérieures n'a encore jamais été étudiée de manière détaillée. Ce travail propose ainsi une édition critique du texte arabe, assortie d'une traduction, et une étude qui tente de répondre à la question des origines de cette œuvre et explore sa riche postérité arabo-persane.The Risālat al-Tuffāḥa, also known under the Latin title of Liber de Pomo, is a dialogue inspired by Plato's Phaedo, which features a dying Aristotle who manages to stay alive by smelling the scent of an apple. The philosopher answers his disciples' questions, as they are eager to learn the ultimate meaning of his teaching. He urges them to not fear death and to choose philosophy, the only path that leads to salvation. Nowadays forgotten, this text was however amongst the most popular works during the Middle Age. Famous in its Arabic version as early as the tenth century, it was then translated into Persian, Hebrew and Latin. It played a major role in the building of the medieval image of the philosopher. Its origin is however rather obscure: giving the settings that it presents, it has been suggested that this might be the translation of an ancient Greek work. Despite this hypothesis, the starting point of every research about the origin of this text still has to be the study of the Arabic version, as it is the text that has been used for the later translations. But this had, until now, never been thoroughly studied. Hence this work, that contains a critical edition of the Arabic text, a translation in French and a study that attempts to answer the question of the origins of this work and explores its rich Arabo-Persian reception

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Last time updated on 27/07/2025

This paper was published in Theses.fr.

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