Detection and molecular identification of Salmonella spp. in traditional shrimp paste (terasi): insights from multiplex PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing : Deteksi dan identifikasi molekuler Salmonella spp. dalam terasi tradisional: analisis menggunakan multiplex PCR dan sekuensing 16S rDNA

Abstract

Kriteria utama produk pangan berkualitas salah satunya adalah tidak adanya mikroba patogen. Terasi sebagai produk fermentasi tradisional rentan terhadap kontaminasi bakteri yang tidak diharapkan termasuk Salmonella spp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi Salmonella spp. dalam terasi tradisional menggunakan pendekatan multiplex PCR (mPCR). Sampel yang digunakan mencakup terasi berbahan dasar udang (UA, UB, UC), ikan (IA, IB, IC), serta campuran keduanya (CA, CB, CC). Penelitian ini meliputi isolasi Salmonella, uji biokimia dengan TSIA dan LIA, serta deteksi molekuler menggunakan mPCR. Identifikasi isolat berbasis sekuensing 16S rDNA dilakukan pada sampel yang tidak terdeteksi Salmonella melalui mPCR, baik pada tingkat serovar maupun genus. Hasil isolasi dan karakterisasi biokimia mengonfirmasi keberadaan Salmonella spp. dalam lima sampel terasi (UA, UB, UC, CA, dan CC), dengan densitas bakteri tertinggi ditemukan pada sampel UC (8,3 × 10⁶ CFU/g). Uji TSIA dan LIA lebih lanjut memverifikasi keberadaan isolat Salmonella spp. hanya pada sampel UC sejumlah tujuh isolat, menunjukkan fermentasi glukosa, produksi hidrogen sulfida, serta morfologi koloni khas pada media XLD. Tujuh isolat dalam sampel UC tersebut teridentifikasi melalui mPCR sebagai genus Salmonella, dan satu diantaranya berhasil teridentifikasi sebagai Salmonella Typhimurium (UC8). Hasil sekuensing 16S rDNA menunjukkan bahwa enam isolat yang tidak diketahui serovarnya diidentifikasi sebagai Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newlands, yang untuk pertama kalinya dilaporkan pada terasi di Indonesia. Sementara itu, satu isolat (UC4) yang tidak teridentifikasi pada tingkat genus terkonfirmasi sebagai Proteus mirabilis, yang mengindikasikan adanya kontaminasi non-Salmonella. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya peningkatan kebersihan dalam produksi terasi tradisional guna mengurangi risiko kontaminasi mikroba patogen.One of the key criteria for quality food products is the absence of pathogenic microbes. Shrimp paste (terasi), a traditionally fermented product, is prone to contamination by unexpected bacteria, including Salmonella spp. This study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. in traditional shrimp paste using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) approach. The analyzed samples consisted of shrimp paste formulated from shrimp (UA, UB, UC), from fish (IA, IB, IC), and from a combination of both raw materials (CA, CB, CC). The research involved isolating Salmonella, performing biochemical tests with triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) and lysine iron agar (LIA), and molecular detection using mPCR. Isolate identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted for samples where mPCR failed to detect Salmonella at either the serovar or genus level. The presence of presumptive Salmonella spp. was confirmed through isolation and biochemical characterization in five shrimp paste samples, namely UA, UB, UC, CA, and CC, with the UC sample exhibiting the highest bacterial density at 8.3 × 10⁶ CFU/g. Further TSIA and LIA tests verified that Salmonella spp. was only present in UC. Seven UC isolates showed biochemical characteristics typical of Salmonella spp. (i.e., glucose fermentation, hydrogen sulfide production, and characteristic colony morphology on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar). mPCR confirmed these seven UC isolates as belonging to the Salmonella genus, and one of them (UC8) was successfully identified as Salmonella Typhimurium. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that six isolates not identified at the serovar level were classified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newlands, which is reported for the first time in Indonesian shrimp paste. Meanwhile, one isolate (UC4) that could not be identified at the genus level was confirmed as Proteus mirabilis, indicating non-Salmonella contamination. These findings highlight the importance of improving hygiene in traditional shrimp paste production to minimize the risk of pathogenic microbial contamination

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Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia

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Last time updated on 26/07/2025

This paper was published in Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia.

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