Colonia Iulia Parentium from the founding of the colony to the end of the Principate

Abstract

U prostoru koji su u prapovijesti naseljavali Histri, Rimljani su nakon dvaju histarskih ratova uspostavili političku i vojnu kontrolu, čime započinje proces romanizacije i urbanizacije prostora. Na zapadnoj obali istarskog poluotoka razvila se rimska kolonija Parentium, koja iako je nastavila sa životom nakon principa, promatrana je u razdoblju od osnutka do tada. Parentium je planski oblikovan rimski grad, strukturiran prema ortogonalnoj mreži ulica s forumom, hramovima, cestama i lukom, koji svjedoče o organiziranosti i funkcionalnosti rimskog urbanizma. Grad je bio integriran u širi gospodarski prostor kroz sustav centurijacije i razvoj rustičnih vila u ageru, koje su predstavljale osnovne jedinice poljoprivredne proizvodnje i bile usko povezane s opskrbom gradskog središta i trgovinskim mrežama Carstva. Primjeri poput rimske rustične vile u Červar Portu i keramičarske radionice Loron, koji se nalaze 5 km sjeverno od Poreča, potvrđuju gospodarsku važnost kolonije i njezinu povezanost s rimskim tržištem. Nema odgovora na pitanje točnog osnutka kolonije, no unatoč tome arheološki nalazi i urbanistička obilježja ukazuju na visok stupanj razvoja i integracije kolonije Parentium u Carstvu. Kriza trećeg stoljeća nije zaobišla koloniju Parentium, samo su se promjene dešavale slabijim intenzitetom u usporedbi s drugim provincijama Carstva Iako je razdoblje obilježeno političkim i društvenim promjenama, osnovni elementi rimske urbane i gospodarske strukture zadržali su se na prostoru Parentija, što ukazuje na kontinuitet i prilagodljivost lokalne zajednice unutar promjenjivih okolnosti u Carstvu.In the area inhabited by the Histri in prehistoric times, the Romans established political and military control after the two Histrian Wars, thus beginning the process of Romanization and urbanization of the area. The Roman colony of Parentium developed on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula, which, although it continued to live after the principate, was observed in the period from its foundation until then. Parentium is a planned Roman city, structured according to an orthogonal network of streets with a forum, temples, roads and a port, which testify to the organization and functionality of Roman urbanism. The city was integrated into a wider economic area through the system of centuriation and the development of rustic villas in the ager, which represented the basic units of agricultural production and were closely connected to the supply of the city center and the trade networks of the Empire. Examples such as the Roman rustic villa in Červar Port and the Loron pottery workshop, located 5 km north of Poreč, confirm the economic importance of the colony and its connection with the Roman market. There is no answer to the question of the exact founding of the colony, but despite this, archaeological findings and urban features indicate a high degree of development and integration of the colony of Parentium within the Empire. The crisis of the third century did not bypass the colony of Parentium, only the changes occurred with a weaker intensity compared to other provinces of the Empire. Although the period was marked by political and social changes, the basic elements of the Roman urban and economic structure were retained in the area of Parentium, which indicates the continuity and adaptability of the local community within the changing circumstances of the Empire