Experiences and perceptions of primary dysmenorrhea mediating management behaviors: A systematic review of qualitative evidence and meta-aggregation

Abstract

[EN] Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the main gynecological disorders in young women and is defined as painful cramps related to menstruation. The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation can provide a compre- hensive perspective on the experience of illness, helping to better understand the situation of these women. Objective: To analyze the experiences and perceptions of primary dysmenorrhea that mediate management behaviors. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation allowed the identified experiences and perceptions to be categorized into five main areas: identity, cause, consequence, duration, and control. Results: The results of the 12 studies analized indicated that the management behaviors of primary dysmenorrhea are primarily self-care strategies and are mediated by social and cultural learning, such as the belief that men- strual pain is normal and inevitable. Due to these beliefs, medical help is not sought. Additionally, menstruation and pain remain taboo in our society and must be concealed. Conclusions: It would be beneficial to implement educational programs that provide comprehensive information on menstrual physiology, its potential effects and challenges, and strategies for managing dysmenorrhea. Additionally, given the impact of social factors on health-related behaviors, fostering supportive social and professional environments where women can openly discuss their condition appears to be a relevant approach. Therefore, these findings should be considered when designing comprehensive healthcare protocols that include specific educational programs to foster understanding and awareness of primary dysmenorrhea.S