The connection between the developmental stage of crawling and motor skills in preschool age

Abstract

Razvojna faza puzanja predstavlja jedno od ključnih razdoblja u ranom motoričkom razvoju jer omogućava djetetu prvo samostalno kretanje i kretanje u prostoru. Time se potiče razvoj bilateralne koordinacije, stabilnosti trupa, orijentacije u prostoru te senzo-motorne integracije. Puzanje se ne smatra samo prijelaznom fazom između ležećeg položaja i hodanja, već ima važnu ulogu u oblikovanju temeljnih obrazaca kretanja koji čine osnovu za složenije motoričke vještine u kasnijem razvoju. U teorijskom dijelu rada objašnjava se neurofiziološka podloga ranog motoričkog razvoja, razvojna faza puzanja i njezin značaj te osnovne motoričke sposobnosti djece u predškolskom uzrastu. Također se prikazuju rezultati relevantnih studija koje potvrđuju da iskustvo puzanja doprinosi kasnijoj posturalnoj stabilnosti, ravnoteži te koordinaciji. Puzanje omogućava usklađeno djelovanje lijeve i desne strane tijela te jača mišiće trupa i udova kroz funkcionalne obrasce pokreta koji se kasnije koriste u hodu, trčanju i drugim oblicima kretanja. Istraživački dio rada se temelji na analizi rezultata standardiziranih testova motoričkih sposobnosti koji su provedeni na uzorku djece predškolske dobi uzrasta od 3 do 6 godina, u tri dječja vrtića u Varaždinskoj županiji. Djeca su podijeljena u dvije skupine ovisno o trajanju faze puzanja (manje od mjesec dana, od 1-3 mjeseca). Rezultati analize pokazali su da su djeca koja su puzala između 1 i 3 mjeseca postigla značajno bolje rezultate u zadacima koji zahtijevaju snagu, ravnotežu i koordinaciju, poput skoka u dalj s mjesta, podizanja trupa i prenošenja pretrčavanjem. Rezultati istraživanja ovog rada ukazuju na to da faza puzanja ima važnu ulogu u razvoju motoričkih sposobnosti te da njezino optimalno trajanje, prema rezultatima istraživanja, iznosi između 1 i 3 mjeseca. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao smjernice za planiranje edukacijskih i razvojnih programa koji uključuju aktivnost slične puzanju, s ciljem poticanja zdravog i cjelovitog motoričkog razvoja u ranom djetinjstvu.The crawling developmental phase present one of the key moment in early developmental stage because it allows the child’s first independent movement and movement in space. This encourages the development of bilateral coordination, body stability, orientation in space and sensorimotor integration. Crawling is not only considerate a transitional stage beetwen lying and walking, but it has a very important part in shaping basic movement pattern which makes basis for more complex skills in later development. The theoretical framework, it explain neurophysiological basis of early motor development, the developmental stage of crawling and its importance, and basic motor abilities of preschool children. Also, it shows results of relevant studies which confirme that experience of crawling contributes to later postural stability, balance, coordination and lateralization. Crawling enables coordinated action of left and right sides of the body and strengthenes the muscle of body and limbs through functional patterns of movement which are later used in walking, running and other forms of movement. The research part of the work is based on the analysis of results of standardized motor skills tests which were carried out on a sample of preschool children aged between 3 to 6 years, in three kindergarens in Varaždin County. Children were divided in two groups depending on duration of the crawling phase (less than a month, 1-3 months). The results of analysis showed that children which had crawled between 1 and 3 months had achieved better results in tasks which require strength, balance and coordination, like standing long jump, raising of the body and run-through transmission. The results of this research indicate that crawling phase has a very important part in the development of motor skills and that its optimal duration, according to the research results, is between 1 and 3 months. Given results can be used as guidelines for planning educational and developmental programs that include activities similar to crawling, with a goal of encouraging healthy and comprehensive motor development in early childhood

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Last time updated on 17/07/2025

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