Revisiting VOC and PM1 Emission Factors from ships in Dunkirk

Abstract

National audienceGlobally, maritime transport is by far the most widely used transportation mode for goods. This comes with considerable impacts on climate and air quality. Besides inorganic emissions, like SO2 and NOx, that are subject of recent regulations, particles and VOCs are emitted but not regulated. However, these pollutants influence both air quality and the chemical composition of the marine atmosphere. Here, we present results from measurement campaigns in two major French harbours for which new emission factors (EFs) for inorganic gasses and VOCs were determined. Importantly, speciated VOC emission factors show that although oxygenated VOC are comparable to literature reported EFs, EFs for the non-oxygenated VOCs observed in France show important differences (2-3 orders of magnitude). Observations of non-combustion related emissions of methane will also be discussed. These results will be used in regional models to better estimate the contribution of shipping to particle formation, atmospheric composition and air quality