“There was such a big difference after I got the electronic wheelchair” - Nature, recreation and accessibility: Experiences and perceptions of wheelchair users in Iceland

Abstract

The health and well-being benefits of outdoor recreation have been extensively researched, and there is a growing awareness of its importance within our society. In Icelandic, the term útivist is most commonly used for diverse activities outside, and the outdoor recreation culture is continually expanding. While participation in outdoor recreation is increasing in Iceland, scholarly literature on the topic, particularly concerning people with disabilities, remains sparse. Research shows that individuals with mobility impairments face multiple barriers to outdoor recreation and underscores the need for improved accessibility. This thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion focusing on the experiences of wheelchair users in outdoor activities in Icelandic nature. Through five qualitative interviews, the study explores participants’ perceptions of accessibility to outdoor recreation and their connection to nature. The findings generated through reflexive thematic analysis reveal that the participants engage in various outdoor activities where accessibility is a central factor enabling participation. The empowering role of mobility aids, the need for independence, and social understanding were also identified as key elements shaping outdoor experiences and influencing the inclusiveness of opportunities provided by Icelandic society. Participants described grounding with nature through sensory and emotional experiences as complementary to the whole experience of being outside. Overall, the participants found that participating in outdoor recreation enhanced their quality of life. The findings of this thesis provide helpful information that furthers the understanding of the experiences of wheelchair users outdoors, what factors influence their access, and how they connect with nature, emphasizing the need for continued attention to accessibility in both policy and practice, so that everyone can enjoy outdoor recreation. Keywords: Outdoor recreation, Accessibility, Human-Nature connection, Wheelchair users, Iceland