Narrativas do trabalho fabril: camponeses na industrialização do babaçu no Piauí no século XX

Abstract

This article examines peasant narratives within the context of the industrialization of babassu palm in Piauí during the 20th century. These narratives, centered on lived experiences of factory labor, are constructed from recollections of work at the Gecosa factory (Indústrias Reunidas Gervásio Costa S/A), located in the village of Novo Nilo, in the municipality of União (PI), on the banks of the Parnaíba River. As part of an employer-imposed strategy, a village regulation prohibited the construction of brick houses on factory-owned land. This restriction shaped the village as a site of persistent, everyday resistance among peasant tenants. Such resistance manifested, for instance, in the clandestine sale of babassu coconut kernels beyond factory oversight and in the simultaneous engagement of workers in both agricultural and industrial labor. Factory work was defined by an arduous and exhausting routine, yet the peasants skillfully adapted to the production line while maintaining deep-rooted connections to the land and river. This study employs the Oral History methodology, engaging in continuous dialogue with theoretical perspectives from the Social History of Labor. Grounded in an interdisciplinary approach, it draws particularly from Sociology and Anthropology. To this end, interviews were conducted with four men and one woman, each of whom experienced different phases of the historical period under analysis. In addition to oral testimonies, the study incorporates official Gecosa documents alongside other historical sources to examine peasant experiences within the rural world of Piauí in the 20th century, with particular focus on the village of Novo Nilo.O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as narrativas de camponeses no processo de industrialização do babaçu no Piauí no século XX. A pesquisa se fundamenta nas memórias construídas em torno das experiências fabris de trabalhadores na Gecosa (Indústrias Reunidas Gervásio Costa S/A), localizada no povoado Novo Nilo, município de União (PI), às margens do rio Parnaíba. A investigação destaca as dinâmicas cotidianas do trabalho na fábrica e em suas terras, bem como as formas de resistência engendradas pelos empregados diante das imposições patronais. A lida na fábrica era marcada pela rotina exaustiva de trabalho dos campesinos que dominavam com destreza a linha de produção, sem perder de vista seus vínculos tradicionais com a terra e com o rio. Para a construção do artigo, foi utilizada a metodologia da história oral, em diálogo frequente com aspectos teóricos da História Social do Trabalho, focando na interdisciplinaridade, dialogando sobretudo com a sociologia e a antropologia. Desse modo, entrevistamos quatro homens e uma mulher que vivenciaram momentos distintos no contexto histórico em tela ao longo do século XX. Além das entrevistas, utilizamos também documentos oficiais da Gecosa, dentre outros fragmentos do passado, com objetivo de analisar as experiências camponesas no mundo rural do Piauí no século XX, mais especificamente no povoado Novo Nilo (PI)

Similar works

This paper was published in Portal de Periodicos UFSC.

Having an issue?

Is data on this page outdated, violates copyrights or anything else? Report the problem now and we will take corresponding actions after reviewing your request.