ANALISIS KOMPARATIF IMPLEMENTASI ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM BATERAI LITHIUM-ION (LI-ION) DAN PUMPED HYDRO ENERGY STORAGE (PHES)

Abstract

As the demand for clean and sustainable energy continues to rise, energy storage systems (ESS) have become a crucial element in supporting the stability and efficiency of power systems, particularly in the integration of renewable energy sources. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of various energy storage technologies, including lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, supercapacitors, and mechanical energy storage systems (pumped hydro and flywheels), in terms of efficiency, capacity, cost, reliability, and application potential. The research methodology involves literature review, technical and economic analysis, as well as evaluation of implementation cases in several countries. The results of the analysis indicate that no single technology is universally superior; instead, the selection of storage technology should be tailored to system requirements, energy source characteristics, and geographical and economic conditions. This study also discusses the potential implementation in Indonesia and the challenges faced, such as regulations, infrastructure, and investment costs. Policy recommendations and implementation strategies are presented as part of efforts to promote the adoption of energy storage technologies in the transition toward a sustainable energy system. Keywords: energy storage technology, batteries, supercapacitors, efficiency, renewable energy, Indonesia.Seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan akan energi bersih dan berkelanjutan, teknologi penyimpanan energi (Energy Storage System/ESS) menjadi elemen penting dalam mendukung stabilitas dan efisiensi sistem tenaga listrik, khususnya pada integrasi sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komparatif berbagai teknologi penyimpanan energi, seperti baterai lithium-ion, baterai aliran (flow battery), superkapasitor, dan sistem penyimpanan energi mekanik (pumped hydro dan flywheel), dari segi efisiensi, kapasitas, biaya, keandalan, dan potensi penerapannya. Metodologi penelitian mencakup studi literatur, analisis teknis dan ekonomi, serta evaluasi terhadap kasus implementasi di beberapa negara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada satu teknologi yang unggul secara mutlak, melainkan pemilihan teknologi penyimpanan harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan sistem, karakteristik sumber energi, dan kondisi geografis serta ekonomi. Studi ini juga membahas potensi penerapan di Indonesia serta tantangan yang dihadapi, seperti regulasi, infrastruktur, dan biaya investasi. Rekomendasi kebijakan dan strategi implementasi disajikan sebagai bagian dari upaya mendorong adopsi teknologi penyimpanan energi dalam transisi menuju sistem energi yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: teknologi penyimpanan energi, baterai, superkapasitor, efisiensi, energi terbarukan, Indonesia