Penerapan AI dan Machine Learning dalam Pendidikan Islam: Tantangan Etika dan Pendekatan Integratif Berbasis Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah

Abstract

Transformasi digital dalam pendidikan membuka peluang strategis bagi penerapan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan Machine Learning, yang kini mulai diintegrasikan secara nyata dalam pengembangan sistem dan proses pembelajaran di lingkungan pendidikan Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam penerapan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan Machine Learning dalam pembelajaran Islam, dengan fokus pada identifikasi tantangan etika serta perumusan strategi integratif berbasis nilai-nilai maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah dan prinsip wasathiyyah dalam pengembangan sistem teknologi digital pendidikan. AI terbukti mampu meningkatkan personalisasi pembelajaran, efisiensi administrasi, dan aksesibilitas materi keagamaan yang luas. Namun, adopsi teknologi ini juga memunculkan berbagai dilema etis, seperti privasi data, bias algoritmik, serta potensi tergesernya peran guru sebagai pendidik utama. Dengan pendekatan teoritis berbasis Wasathiyyah dan kerangka etika Islam, artikel ini menyusun kerangka evaluatif terhadap implementasi AI agar tetap sejalan dengan nilai-nilai keislaman dan pembentukan karakter spiritual siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi pustaka terhadap literatur ilmiah terverifikasi yang membahas integrasi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pendidikan Islam, guna mengkaji konsep, manfaat, tantangan, serta dimensi etika dan spiritualnya.Digital transformation in education presents strategic opportunities for the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning, which are now increasingly being integrated into the development of educational systems and learning processes within Islamic education environments. This article aims to explore in depth the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Islamic learning, with a focus on identifying ethical challenges and formulating integrative strategies grounded in the values of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah and the principle of wasathiyyah in the development of educational digital technology systems. AI has been proven to enhance learning personalization, administrative efficiency, and accessibility to a wide range of religious materials. However, the adoption of this technology also raises various ethical dilemmas, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential marginalization of the teacher’s role as the primary educator. Using a theoretical approach based on wasathiyyah and the Islamic ethical framework, this article develops an evaluative model for AI implementation to ensure alignment with Islamic values and the cultivation of students' spiritual character. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach through a literature review of verified academic sources discussing the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic education, in order to examine its concepts, benefits, challenges, and ethical-spiritual dimension