Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Need for Patient-Focused Care

Abstract

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is an acute auditory condition marked by the rapid onset of hearing loss, often without an identifiable cause, termed idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The estimated incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss is 5 to 20 per 100,000 adults. Anatomy and physiology of the ear highlights the important mechanisms in the ear that are involved in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Including the type of hearing loss, (sensorineural), and the importance of the cochlear blood supply. The anatomy and physiology of the ear is the foundation for understanding the pathophysiology and various potential mechanisms, including vascular compromise, viral infections, and cochlear membrane disruption. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss has diverse audiometric presentations and prognostic factors, such as variations in audiogram configurations, initial symptoms, and timing of treatment on recovery outcomes. Current treatment options include corticosteroids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Audiologists play a crucial role in SSNHL management through diagnostic evaluation, patient monitoring, and rehabilitation, working in tandem with physicians to follow professional guidelines. Effective patient care requires a blend of informational and emotional counseling in order to address both technical and psychological aspects of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The Four Habits model emphasizes empathy and patient-centered communication, improving outcomes by focusing on understanding the patient’s perspective and emotional needs. For improved diagnostics, treatment, and patient-centered care there needs to be standardization within the literature for definitions and clinical guidelines. There also needs to be future research on a patient’s quality of life and the psychological impacts of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. This manuscript provides a literature review on sudden sensorineural hearing loss as well as clinical insights and patient-centered approaches for healthcare providers to optimize patient outcomes with timely interventions and effective counseling strategies