Neki aspekti ustavnog položaja predsjednika republike u državama nastalim disolucijom Jugoslavije u svjetlu komparativnog prava

Abstract

In every state with a republican form of government, including the newly established states in the territory of Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina), the constitutional provisions relating to the president of the republic regulate the method of election, the length of the mandate, responsibility, and his powers including legislative and executive ones (towards the parliament and the government). In this paper, we will analyze the president of the republic in six newly created states in the territory of Yugoslavia in terms of the method of election, the duration of the mandate, in connection with this the determination of responsibilities and powers towards the parliament. Sharing the same Yugoslav history, these newly formed states are developing their constitutional systems in different directions, combining elements of a parliamentary and semi-presidential system. Bosnia and Herzegovina deserves special attention, as the only complex country, with two entities which have a Constitution, a head of state, and which we will also include in this analysis. The aim of the work is to show similarities, but also differences in the powers of the president of the republic in terms of legislative power, through the prism of theoretical frameworks of the form of state power, especially highlighting some specific solutions manifested by the analyzed states - former Yugoslav republics. In addition to the mutual comparison of the president of the republic in the mentioned countries, we will consider his position in the light of the powers of the head of state in certain countries of Eastern Europe (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia), which were also created by the dissolution of the common state in which they were until the nineties of the last century, as well as in several other countries that adopted new constitutions due to abandoning the concept of socialist constitutionalism (Poland, Hungary, Romania).U svakoj državi sa republikanskim oblikom vladavine, pa tako i u novonastalim državama na području Jugoslavije (Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj, Makedoniji, Srbiji, Crnoj Gori, Bosni i Hercegovini), ustavne odredbe koje se odnose na predsjednika republike regulišu način izbora, dužinu mandata, odgovornost i njegova ovlašćenja, uključujući i ona prema zakonodavnoj i izvršnoj vlasti (parlamentu i vladi). U ovom radu analiziraćemo ustavni položaj predsjednika republike u šest novonastalih država na području Jugoslavije u pogledu načina izbora, trajanja mandata, u vezi s tim utvrđivanja odgovornosti, te ovlašćenja prema parlamentu. Dijeleći istu jugoslovensku istoriju, ove novonastale države razvijaju svoje ustavne sisteme u različitim pravcima, kombinujući elemente parlamentarnog, ali i polupredsjedničkog sistema. Posebnu pažnju zavređuje Bosna i Hercegovina, kao jedina složena država, sa dva entiteta koji imaju ustav, šefa države, a koje ćemo takođe obuhvatiti ovom analizom. Cilj rada je da prikažemo sličnosti, ali i razlike u ovlašćenjima predsjednika republike u pogledu zakonodavne vlasti, kroz prizmu teorijskih okvira oblika državne vlasti, posebno ističući pojedina specifična rješenja koja ispoljavaju analizirane države – bivše jugoslovenske republike. Osim međusobne komparacije predsjednika republike u navedenim državama, položaj predsjednika republike ćemo razmatrati i u svjetlu ovlašćenja šefa države u pojedinim zemljama Istočne Evrope (Letoniji, Litvaniji, Estoniji, Češkoj, Slovačkoj), koje su takođe nastale disolucijom zajedničke države u kojoj su bile do devedesetih godina prošlog vijeka, kao i u nekoliko drugih država koje su zbog napuštanja koncepta socijalističke ustavnosti donijele nove ustave (Poljskoj, Mađarskoj, Rumuniji)

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This paper was published in Strani pravni život.

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