Istraživanje antropometrijskih, biohemijskih i nutritivnih podataka kod gojaznih i žena sa prekomernom težinom: uvid iz srpske kohorte – pilot studija

Abstract

Background: Anthropometric measurements (AMs), such as waist circumference and body mass index (BMI), are dominant indicators of overweight and obesity. Nevertheless, other AMs, such as waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and indices of visceral adiposity index (VAI), body mass fat index (BMFI), cardiometabolic index (CMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) are more significant and discriminatory than BMI in predicting cardiometabolic risk. Methods: This pilot study aimed to comprehensively investigate the anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of a sample of overweight and obese women in Serbia, focusing on potential differences related to AM and its association with specific biochemical markers. Results: The final analytical sample consisted of 57 females (average age 37.16±7.27 years, range: 21–55 years). A strong positive correlation was observed between triglycerides (TG) and both the VAI (r=0.896, p<0.001) and the CMI (r=0.896, p<0.001), both with high statistical significance. Conversely, a strong negative correlation was found between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and both VAI (r=-0.601, p<0.001) and CMI (r=-0.566, p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly positively correlated with both WtHR and BMFI: SBP and WtHR (r=0.343, p=0.009), SBP and BMFI (r=0.310, p=0.019), DBP and WtHR (r=0.368, p=0.005), and DBP and BMFI (r=0.377, p=0.004). The analysis of biochemical parameters indicated no significant differences between groups, except for TG levels, which were significantly higher in the obese group (p=0.045). Conclusions: Although the AMs of the subjects were significantly different, energy intake and macronutrient intake were not significantly different. We did not find significant differences in the intake of most vitamins or minerals between the groups. Additionally, there is inadequate intake of essential nutrients such as vitamin D, iron and selenium, which are critical for overall health. Both groups did not meet the recommended folate intake, which may increase the risk of fetal neural tube defects.Uvod: Antropometrijska merenja (AM), kao što su obim struka i indeks telesne mase (BMI), predstavljaju dominantne pokazatelje prekomerne težine i gojaznosti. Ipak, druga AM, kao što su odnos struka i kukova, obim struka i indeksi visceralnog indeksa adipoznosti (VAI), indeks telesne masti (BMFI), kardiometabolički indeks (CMI) i odnos struka prema visini (WtHR), pokazuju veći značaj i diskriminativnu vrednost od BMI-a u predikciji kardiometaboličkog rizika. Metode: Ova pilot studija je imala za cilj sveobuhvatno istraživanje antropometrijskih, biohemijskih i nutricionih karakteristika na uzorku žena sa prekomernom težinom i gojaznošću u Srbiji, sa fokusom na potencijalne razlike povezane sa antropometrijskim merenjima i njihovom povezanošću sa specifičnim biohemijskim markerima. Rezultati: Konačan analitički uzorak je činilo 57 žena (prosečna starost 37,16±7,27 godina, raspon: 21–55 godina). Zabeležena je snažna pozitivna korelacija između triglicerida (TG) i VAI (r=0,896, p<0,001) i CMI (r=0,896, p<0,001), obe sa visokom statističkom značajnošću. Nasuprot tome, pronađena je snažna negativna korelacija između holesterola lipoproteina visoke gustine (HDLc) i VAI (r=-0,601, p<0,001) i CMI (r=-0,566, p<0,001). Sistolni krvni pritisak (SBP) i dijastolni krvni pritisak (DBP) su bili značajno pozitivno korelisani sa WtHR i BMFI: SBP i WtHR (r=0,343, p=0,009), SBP i BMFI (r=0,310, p=0,019), DBP i WtHR (r=0,368, p=0,005) i DBP i BMFI (r=0,377, p=0,004). Analiza biohemijskih parametara nije pokazala značajne razlike između grupa, osim u nivou TG, koji je bio značajno vići u grupi gojaznih (p=0,045). Zaključak: Iako su AM vrednosti ispitanica bile značajno različite, unos energije i makronutrijenata nije se značajno razlikovao. Nismo pronašli značajne razlike u unosu većine vitamina ili minerala između grupa. Pored toga, zabeležen je nedovoljan unos esencijalnih nutrijenata kao što su vitamin D, gvožđe i selen, koji su ključni za opšte zdravlje. Obe grupe nisu dostigle preporučeni unos folata, što može povećati rizik od defekata neuralne cevi kod fetusa

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