Plant Leaf Recognition using OSSGabor filter and Vision Transformer

Abstract

Deep learning methods are increasingly used in automated plant species classification systems to support biodiversity conservation and ecological monitoring, particularly for medicinal plants. This study presents a novel approach to plant leaf recognition by integrating the Vision Transformer (ViT) model with the OSSGabor filter, termed the OGViT method. The OSSGabor filter is a leaf feature extraction technique that combines the responses of Gabor filters in 16 directions and optimizes their parameters using the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). These features capture intricate details such as leaf veins, texture, and frequency variations, which are essential for enabling ViT to fully leverage deep learning for leaf recognition. Experimental results on four public datasets—Swedish Leaf, Flavia, Folio, and UCI Leaf—demonstrate that the OGViT method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, achieving accuracy scores of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 98.88%, respectively, with a 20% testing set and an 80% training set. This performance highlights the effectiveness of the proposed method for plant classification, offering a robust tool with potential applications in agriculture and biodiversity conservation.