Detailed biogeographical mapping as a useful novel tool for the conservation of endemic taxa: a case of study for Iberian orchids

Abstract

[version 2; peer review: 2 approved][EN] BACKGROUND. Many Iberian orchids occur in plant communities designated as habitats of interest in the European Union, particularly in Mediterranean grasslands and forests. Their ecological importance highlights the need for a deeper understanding of their distribution and ecological requirements in order to develop effective conservation and management policies. METHODS. This study focuses on the biogeographical mapping and characterisation of five Iberian and Balearic endemic orchid species at district level. Distribution data were collected from existing biodiversity databases and integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to assign the correct biogeographical epithet to each taxon, a set of rules and criteria was developed to ensure an objective, simple and universal classification based on the species' distribution areas. RESULTS. For each orchid species, the study identified its phytosociological assignment, bioclimatic range and current conservation status. Detailed maps were produced, providing insights into the biogeographical, bioclimatic and phytosociological attributes of these taxa. CONCLUSIONS. The biogeographical mapping and ecological classification presented in this study provide a basis for effective decision-making regarding the conservation and management of these orchid species. In addition, the results can be used to update their conservation status to better reflect their ecological needs and threatsSIThis project has received funding from the European Commission [ERASMUS+ programme] under grant agreement No [20211FR01KA220VET000043186](DEMAIN: Vers la transition agro-ecologique en viticulture (TOMORROW: Towards the agro-ecological transition in viticulture)); the European Commission [Zimbral for LIFE] under grant agreement No [101074592] (LIFE21-NAT-PT-Zimbral-for-LIFE); the European Union [NextGenerationEU/PRTR], MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under grant agreement No [TED2021-1311388B-I00]. Funding was also received from the Regional Ministry of Education, Junta of Castilla and León (Spain), EDU/667/2019 and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Junta of Castilla and León (JCyL). The grant was awarded to AGP author and included a Fellowship Scheme for a Doctoral Training Program: Order of 12 December 2019 from the Regional Ministry of Education (extract published in B.O.C. y L. No. 245, 23 December)). BDNS (Ident.): 487971 and Postdoc scholarship for AGP (UNAM-DGAPA Postdoctoral Program