Pyroligneous acid is a liquid resulting from the pyrolysis process, consisting of a combination of pyroligneous acid and the oil phase (pyrolytic oil). Pyroligneous acid, also known as liquid smoke, is obtained through the degradation of biomass via the pyrolysis process. Biomass sources are largely obtained from wood biomass waste, agricultural biomass, aquatic biomass, waste sludge, and waste from the paper industry. One of them is candlenut shells, which contain hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin as sources for the formation of pyroligneous acid. The objective of this study is to characterize the pyroligneous acid produced from candlenut shell waste by considering the effect of pyrolysis operating temperatures with variations of 300°C, 350°C, and 400°C in the pyrolysis reactor. The research results show that the best characteristics of the pyroligneous acid produced from the pyrolysis of candlenut shells are at 400°C, including a density of 1.260 gr/ml, viscosity of 1.030 cP, heating rate of 8.35°C/min, a qualitative phenol test showing a red color, and a yield of 33.33%. Meanwhile, the best acetic acid content of 4.171% was obtained at 300°C. The higher the pyrolysis operating temperature, the better the characteristics of the obtained pyroligneous acid. The study of the characteristics of pyroligneous acid is expected to serve as a reference for further development, particularly in applications in several sectors that require this pyroligneous acid.Asam pirolignat adalah cairan hasil proses pirolisis berupa kombinasi dari asam pirolignat dan fase minyak (pyrolytic oil). Asam pirolignat juga dikenal sebagai asap cair, diperoleh melalui proses degradasi biomassa melalui proses pirolisis. Sumber biomassa banyak diperoleh dari limbah biomassa kayu, biomassa agraris, biomassa air, lumpur limbah, dan limbah dari industri kertas. Salah satunya adalah cangkang kemiri yang memiliki kandungan hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin sebagai sumber terbentuknya asam pirolignat. Tujuan studi ini adalah karakterisasi asam pirolignat yang dihasilkan dari limbah cangkang kemiri dengan memperhatikan pengaruh suhu operasi pirolisis dengan variasi 300°C, 350°C, dan 400°C pada reaktor pirolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik asam pirolignat yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis cangkang kemiri terbaik adalah pada suhu 400°C meliputi karakteristik densitas 1,260 gr/ml , viskositas 1,030 cP , laju pemanasan 8,35°C/menit , uji kualitatif fenol berwarna merah, dan yield 33,33%, sedangkan kadar asam asetat 4,171% terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 300°C. Semakin tinggi suhu operasi pirolisis karakteristik asam pirolignat yang diperoleh semakin baik. Studi karakteristik asam pirolignat ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut khususnya aplikasi dalam beberapa sektor yang membutuhkan asam pirolignat ini
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