Carbon derived from orange peel waste for preparation of benign bimetallic catalyst in organic reactions

Abstract

In this work, a convenient approach has been applied to discover the potential valorization of biomass waste such as orange peel in which PdCu-based nanostructured systems were synthesized via a one-step in-situ dry-milling approach to obtain the benign bimetallic catalysts with different palladium(Pd) and Copper(Cu) loadings on the orange peel support (Pd1%Cu1%, Pd0.3%Cu0.7%, Pd0.5%Cu0.5%, Pd0.5%Cu1%). Catalytic applications of these new composites were investigated in the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction as well as the Sonogashira–click reaction sequence to the preparation of substituted 4-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles and reduction of nitroaromatics under mild reaction conditions. Catalytic tests with the four activated carbons catalysts showed that the C@Pd1%Cu1% catalyst was the most active in the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction compared to the other catalysts. Also, the [email protected]%Cu0.5% catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity in the reduction of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene and 4-nitrophenol in comparison with other prepared carbon catalysts.The authors are grateful to the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council and the University of Alicante. We are also thankful for financial support to the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number 4024819) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RED2018-102387-T, PID2019-107268 GB-100), and FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (IDIFEDER/2021/013)