Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are uncommon, biologically challenging soft tissue sarcomas. The definitive treatment of these tumors is extremely challenging. In 50% of cases, these tumors are associated with type I neurofibromatosis, but in some cases, the cause can be previous treatment with radiotherapy. The present article pretends to report a clinical case of a radiation-induced MPNST submitted to surgical treatment.Os tumores das bainhas nervosas periféricos malignos (MPNST) são tumores raros e biologicamente agressivos, sendo o seu tratamento radical um desafio. Ocorrem em 50% dos casos em contexto de neurofibromatose tipo I. Uma outra causa para estes tumores é a exposição a radioterapia prévia. O presente artigo relata um caso clínico de um MPNST radio-induzido submetido a tratamento cirúrgico.
 
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